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NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 22 Skill Development
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Skill Development
Chapter: 22
Module – 6 Awareness in Business and Employment
INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.1
1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that a strong need was felt for launching the Skill India initiative?
(a) An ageing population in India.
(b) Support for Industrial and Agricultural growth.
(c) Promotion of Entrepreneurship and Small & Medium Enterprises.
(d) Bridging the gap that education sector not able to fulfil.
Ans: (a) An ageing population in India.
2. Which of the following is NOT a feature that makes Skill India initiative unique?
(a) The emphasis is to skill the youth in such a way so that they get employment and also improve entrepreneurship.
(b) Provide training, support and guidance for ALL occupations that were of traditional type like carpenters, cobblers, welders, blacksmiths, masons, nurses, tailors, weavers, etc.
(c) No emphasis has been given on new areas (like real estate, construction, transportation, textile, gem industry, jewellery designing, etc.) where skill development is inadequate or nil.
(d) The training programmes are on the lines of international level.
Ans: (c) No emphasis has been given on new areas (like real estate, construction, transportation, textile, gem industry, jewellery designing, etc.) where skill development is inadequate or nil.
3. What are the four initiatives launched as part of Skill India Vision on 15th July 2015?
Ans: (b) National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015, National Skill Development Mission (NSDM), Pradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana (PMKVY) and Skill Loan scheme.
Explanation: The four initiatives are aimed at making India as a hub of world’s human resource capital.
4. On 15th July 2015 Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015, is intended to replace the ___________.
(a) National Policy on Skill Development 2009.
(b) International Policy on Skill Development 2009.
(c) National Policy on Skill Development 2004.
(d) National Policy on Skill Development 2000.
Ans: (a) National Policy on Skill Development 2009.
5. Skill India Campaign was launched on __________.
(a) 13th July 2015.
(b) 14th July 2015.
(c) 15th July 2015.
(d) 16th July 2015.
Ans: (c) 15th July 2015.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.2
1. Name the campaign that has been launched by India on the occasion of the first ever World Youth Skills Day?
(a) Namami Gange Campaign.
(b) Skill India Campaign.
(c) Yuva Kalyan Kosh.
(d) Sab Haath Rozgaar Campaign.
Ans: (b) Skill India Campaign.
2. How many Sector Skill Councils have been approved by NSDC?
(a) 36.
(b) 37.
(c) 38.
(d) 39.
Ans: (c) 38.
3. Which of the following is NOT a function mandated to the SSCs?
(a) Identification of skill development needs.
(b) Development of a sector skill development plan and maintaining skill inventory.
(c) Determining skills/competency standards and qualifications.
(d) Approving other Sector Skill Councils.
Ans: (d) Approving other Sector Skill Councils.
| TERMINAL EXERCISE |
Very Short Answer Questions:
1. Briefly complete the following sentence:
Skill Development is the process of ______.
Ans: (i) Identification of skill gaps. and
(ii) Developing the existing skills to enable an individual to achieve his / her goals.
2. Explain briefly any two features that make Skill India unique in comparison to any previous initiatives taken by the central and state governments.
Ans: Skill India is unique in comparison to previous initiatives taken by central and state governments.
The features that make it unique are:
(i) The emphasis is to skill the youth in such a way so that they get employment and also improve entrepreneurship.
(ii) Provide training, support and guidance for all occupations that were of traditional nature like carpenters, cobblers, welders, blacksmiths, masons, nurses, tailors, weavers, etc.
3. Why is a massive young population in India a big reason for the government’s push towards Skill India?
Ans: India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan. Such a large young population mandates that the government must work out ways of ensuring that they are gainfully employed to help realise the dream of India becoming a world superpower and a developed country. Skill India is a pivotal initiative in this direction.
4. Is our existing education system adequate to address the skill needs of the country? Discuss briefly.
Ans: The Indian education system lags in certain aspects of preparing students for employment in the industry. Therefore, Skill India was needed to bridge the gap between unskilled and educated manpower and make industry-ready manpower available to all types and scales of industry.
5. Is Mahatma Gandhi NREGA scheme enough to fulfil the aspirations of rural development in India? What role are DDU-GKY and DAY-NULM expected to play in rural development?
Ans: Apart from providing economic security and creating rural assets, NREGA also aims at protecting the environment, empowering rural women, reducing rural-urban migration and fostering social equity, among others. However, alone it may not fully fulfil all aspirations of rural development.
DDU-GKY funds a variety of skill training programmes all over the country that include over 250 trades such as Retail, Hospitality, Health, Construction, Automotive, Leather, Electrical, Plumbing, Gems and Jewellery, to name a few. DDU-GKY is being adopted throughout India as the scheme is being implemented on a large scale in almost all the states and union territories.
The main aim of DAY-NULM mission is to curb poverty of the urban poor households by providing them access to their skill related employment opportunities in an organised manner. As a part of this scheme, regional workshops have also been conducted to support urban homeless, urban street vendors etc. A major objective of the scheme is to help people earn a sustainable livelihood through skilling and upskilling.
6. What are the key areas of partnerships that NSDC enters into with the private sector?
Ans: Areas of partnerships include awareness building, capacity creation, loan financing, creation and operations of Sector Skill Councils, assessment leading to certification, employment generation, Corporate Social Responsibility, World Skills competitions and participation in Special Initiatives like Udaan focused on J&K.
7. What is the importance of creating the SSCs as autonomous bodies?
Ans: Each SSC operates as an autonomous body and could be registered as a Section 8 Company, or a Society. NSDC is mandated to initiate and incubate SSCs with initial seed funding to facilitate their growth and enable them to achieve self-sustainability in a time bound manner.
8. Briefly discuss the implementation of the National Career Services scheme under the Ministry of Labour and Employment (MoLE).
Ans: The National Career Services is another scheme under the ministry of Labor and Employment which deals with providing job matching services to youth in an easy manner. This project also readily provides information on education, career opportunities, jobs etc.
| Short Answer Questions |
1. Write short notes on–
(a) National Skill Development Corporation.
Ans: The National Skill Development Corporation India (NSDC) was set up as a PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP) Company with the primary mandate of developing and enabling the skills landscape in India.
NSDC’s underlying philosophy is based on the following pillars:
(i) Create: Proactively catalyse creation of large, quality vocational training institutions.
(ii) Fund: Reduce risk by providing long-term capital, including grants and equity.
(iii) Enable: The creation and sustainability of support systems required for skill development. This includes the Industry-led Sector Skill Councils.
(b) National Skill Development Agency.
Ans: The National Skill Development Agency (NSDA), an autonomous body, (registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act 1860) was created with the mandate to coordinate and harmonise the skill development activities in the country, is part of the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
Functions of NSDA are:
(i) Take all possible steps to meet skilling targets as envisaged in the 12th Five Year Plan and beyond.
(ii) Coordinate and harmonise the approach to skill development among various Central Ministries/Department, State Governments, the NSDC and the Private sector.
(iii) Anchor and operationalize the NSQF to ensure that quality and standards meet sector specific requirements.
2. Write brief notes on the following Skill Development Initiatives–
(a) National Skill Development Mission.
Ans: National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) was launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 15th July, 2015 on the occasion of World Youth Skills Day to provide a strong institutional framework to implement and scale up skill development efforts across the country and to train a minimum of 300 million people by the year 2022. Under the Mission, 20 Central Ministries / Departments including the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship are involved in the implementation of more than 40 schemes/programmes on Skill Development. The implementation of skilling activities under the Mission will be as per the budget provisions of various schemes under their respective heads.
(b) National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015.
Ans: It aims to provide an umbrella framework for all skilling activities being carried out within the country, to align them to common standards and link skilling with demand centres. The Policy also seeks to coordinate and strengthen factors essential for growth of entrepreneurship across the country.The objective of the National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015 will be to meet the challenge of skilling at scale with speed and standard (quality).
(c) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana (PMKVY).
Ans: Pradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana (PMKVY) is a unique initiative by the Government of India that aims to train about 24 lakh Indian youth to be industry relevant, skill based and to be ready for the global market. Under this scheme, the trainees will also be given financial support and a certificate on successful completion of training and assessment, which will help them in securing a job for a better future. This scheme mainly focuses on the upbringing of youth and to prepare them to face the challenges of the industrial world.
(d) Skill Loan scheme.
Ans: A skill loan initiative is launched in which loans from Rs.5000 – 1.5 lakhs will be available to those who seek to attend skill development programmes, over the next five years. The idea is to remove financial hindrances in accessing skill training programs.This scheme is applicable to all member banks of the Indian BanksÔÇÖ Association (IBA) and any other banks and financial institutions as may be advised by the RBI. The scheme provides broad guidelines to the banks for operationalizing the skilling loan scheme.
(e) Rural India Skill.
Ans: Rural Skill India is the creation of employment opportunities in rural areas. By imparting relevant skills to the rural workforce, the program aims to reduce unemployment rates and discourage mass migration to already congested urban centres.
3. Write briefly the key objectives of Skill India.
Ans: Skill India has defined the following objectives toward which it strives:
(i) To create opportunities, space and scope for the development of the talents of the Indian youth.
(ii) To develop more of those sectors which have already been put under skill development for the past so many years.
(iii) To identify new sectors for skill development.
(iv) The new programme aims at providing training and skill development to 500 million youth of our country by 2020, covering each and every village.
4. Explain briefly the importance of the Aajeevika Skill Development Programme (ASDP) that operates under NRLM.
Ans: Aajeevika – National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India. The Aajeevika Skill Development Programme (ASDP) operates under NRLM. Its aim is to understand the professional aspirations and interests of youth and to also increase their daily income. This mission provides young people from poor communities an opportunity to upgrade their skills and join the skilled workforce of the country. Some key features of the scheme include, post placement support, food and transport during training and assured placement.
5. Which two ministries play a key role in skill development in India. Write brief notes on each.
Ans: (i) Rationalization of the Skill Development Schemes of the Government of India: NSDA has worked with the various ministries and stakeholders to achieve convergence of norms across the various central schemes for skill development, while at the same time recognizing the special needs of the North-Eastern States, the hill States, and other geographies that pose challenging situations for skill development.
(ii) Creation of an integrated Labour Market Information System (LMIS): A national database on all major aspects of skill development is being created in partnership with all other Ministries of the Government of India and the State Governments. This would be a one-shop stop where all the relevant information is freely available to citizens. The LMIS would bring in operational efficiencies, would be transparent and available to all, and would help reduce considerably the situation of one individual being benefited under different schemes.
| Long Answer Questions |
1. Explain the objectives of the Skill Development Initiative of the Central Government. What measures have been initiated for the development and upgradation of the skills among the youth?
Ans: Skill India has defined the following objectives toward which it strives:
(i) To create opportunities, space and scope for the development of the talents of the Indian youth.
(ii) To develop more of those sectors which have already been put under skill development for the past so many years.
(iii) To identify new sectors for skill development.
(iv) The new programme aims at providing training and skill development to 500 million youth of our country by 2020, covering each and every village.
As individuals grow, the society and nation also benefit from their enhanced skills.
The national policy will:
(i) Make quality vocational training aspirational for both youth and employers.
(ii) Ensure both vertical and horizontal pathways to skilled workforce for further growth by providing seamless integration of skill training with formal education.
(iii) Focus on an outcome-based approach towards quality skilling that on one hand results in increased employability and better livelihoods for individuals, and, on the other hand, translates into improved productivity across primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iv) Increase the capacity and quality of training infrastructure and trainers to ensure equitable and easy access to every citizen.
(v) Address human resources needs by aligning supply of skilled workers with sectoral requirements of industry and the country’s strategic priorities including flagship programmes like “Make in India”.
(vi) Establish an IT-based information system for aggregating demand and supply of skilled workforce which can help in matching and connecting supply with demand.
(vii) Promote national standards in the scaling space through active involvement of employers in setting occupational standards.
(viii) Recognise the value of on-the-job training, by making apprenticeship in actual work an integral part of all skill development efforts.
(ix) Ensure that the skilling needs of the socially and geographically disadvantaged and marginalised groups (like SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities, differently-abled persons, etc.) are appropriately taken care of.
(x) Promote increased participation of women in the workforce through appropriate skilling and gender mainstreaming of training.
2. NSDC operates through partnerships with multiple stakeholders in evolving the skilling ecosystem. List all these partners and write briefly about the role of each of them.
Ans: Partnerships: NSDC operates through partnerships with multiple stakeholders in catalysing and evolving the skilling ecosystem.
(i) Partnerships with Private Sector: Areas of partnerships include awareness building, capacity creation, loan financing, creation and operations of Sector Skill Councils, assessment leading to certification, employment generation, Corporate Social Responsibility, World Skills competitions and participation in Special Initiatives like Udaan focused on J&K.
(ii) International Engagements: Investments, technical assistance, transnational standards, overseas jobs and other areas.
(iii) Partnerships with Central Ministries: Participation in flagship programmes like Make in India, Swachh Bharat, Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana, Smart City, Digital India, Namami Ganga, etc.
(iv) Partnerships with State Governments: Development of programmes and schemes, alignment to NSQF and capacity building, operationalization of program, capacity building efforts, among others.
(v) Partnerships with University & Schools: Vocationalisation of education through specific training programmes, evolution of credit framework, entrepreneur development, etc.
(vi) Partnerships with Non-profit Organizations: Capacity building of marginalized and special groups, development of livelihood, self-employment and entrepreneurship programmes.
(vii) Partnerships for Innovation: Support early-stage social entrepreneurs working on innovative business models to address gaps in the skilling ecosystem, including programs for persons with disability.
3. Explain the reasons why the government considered Skill Development a very important pillar in the development of India.
Ans: The reasons why the government considered Skill Development a very important pillar in the development of India:
(i) A Massive Young Population India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world’s population. According to the 2019 revision of the ‘World Population Prospects’, population stood at 135 crores. India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan. Such a large young population mandates that the government must work out ways of ensuring that they are gainfully employed to help realise the dream of India becoming a world superpower and a developed country. Skill India is a pivotal initiative in this direction.
(ii) Support for Industrial and Agricultural growth Investment in human resource development through skilling provides an adequately skilled population that directly and favorably impacts the industrial and agricultural growth of India.
(iii) Promotion of Entrepreneurship & Small & Medium Enterprises Entrepreneurship is the key to India’s development as an economic superpower. Skill India is therefore a cornerstone for supporting skilled entrepreneurs who can in turn be job creators in their own right.
(iv) Bridging the Gap that Education Sector is not able to Fulfill Indian education system lags in certain aspects of preparing students for employment in the industry. Therefore, Skill India was needed to bridge the gap between unskilled and educated manpower and make industry-ready manpower available to all types and scales of industry.
4. How does the National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015 propose to support the government’s agenda of all-round development of India?
Ans: The core objective of the Policy is to empower the individual, by enabling her/him to realize her/his full potential through a process of life long learning where competencies are accumulated via instruments such as credible certifications, credit accumulation and transfer, etc. As individuals grow, the society and nation also benefit from their enhanced skills.
The national policy will:
(i) Make quality vocational training aspirational for both youth and employers.
(ii) Ensure both vertical and horizontal pathways to skilled workforce for further growth by providing seamless integration of skill training with formal education.
(iii) Focus on an outcome-based approach towards quality skilling that on one hand results in increased employability and better livelihoods for individuals, and, on the other hand, translates into improved productivity across primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iv) Increase the capacity and quality of training infrastructure and trainers to ensure equitable and easy access to every citizen.
(v) Address human resources needs by aligning supply of skilled workers with sectoral requirements of industry and the country’s strategic priorities including flagship programmes like “Make in India”.
(vi) Establish an IT-based information system for aggregating demand and supply of skilled workforce which can help in matching and connecting supply with demand.
(vii) Promote national standards in the scaling space through active involvement of employers in setting occupational standards.
(viii) Recognise the value of on-the-job training, by making apprenticeship in actual work an integral part of all skill development efforts.
(ix) Ensure that the skilling needs of the socially and geographically disadvantaged and marginalised groups (like SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities, differently-abled persons, etc.) are appropriately taken care of.
(x) Promote increased participation of women in the workforce through appropriate skilling and gender mainstreaming of training.
5. Rural development ‘especially through skills ‘ is a key government objective. List the key schemes that the government is running to pursue rural development through skill enhancement.
Ans: The key schemes that the government is running to pursue rural development through skill enhancement:
(i) National Rural Livelihood Mission – Ajeevika Skills: Aajeevika – National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India. The Aajeevika Skill Development Programme (ASDP) operates under NRLM. Its aim is to understand the professional aspirations and interests of youth and to also increase their daily income. This mission provides young people from poor communities an opportunity to upgrade their skills and join the skilled workforce of the country. Some key features of the scheme include, post placement support, food and transport during training and assured placement.
(ii) Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Kaushal Yojana – DDU-GKY: The Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Kaushal Yojana (DDU-GKY) is a placement linked skill development programme for the rural youth. To date there have been 66 special projects that were taken up under the DDU-GKY scheme. 15 states have a minimum of five approved projects and many in the pipeline. DDU-GKY funds a variety of skill training programmes all over the country that include over 250 trades such as Retail, Hospitality, Health, Construction, Automotive, Leather, Electrical, Plumbing, Gems and Jewellery, to name a few.
(iii) Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Urban Livelihood Mission – DAY-NULM: The main aim of DAY-NULM mission is to curb poverty of the urban poor households by providing them access to their skill related employment opportunities in an organised manner. As a part of this scheme, regional workshops have also been conducted to support urban homeless, urban street vendors etc. A major objective of the scheme is to help people earn a sustainable livelihood through skilling and upskilling.
(iv) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee ACT – NREGA NREGA: guarantees the right to work in rural areas by providing wage employment to unskilled manual workers. People are ensured of at least 100 days of employment in every household to a member who is willing to do unskilled work. Employment under NREGA has a legal clause and the employment schemes are directly implemented by the gram panchayats.
(v) Director General Of Training – Modular Employable Skills – DGT MES: The Government of India and the Ministry of Labour together has launched ‘Modular Employable Skills’ (MES) under ‘Skill Development Initiative’ (SDI). Under this scheme, school dropouts and existing workers, specially, in the unorganized sector are to be trained for employable skills. The scheme has been in operation since 2007 and statistics show that a large number of school dropouts do not have access to skill development for improving their employability through various vocational training and apprenticeship programmes.
