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NCERT Class 9 Social Science Chapter 18 Democratic Rights
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Democratic Rights
Chapter: 18
DEMOCRATIC POLITICS – I (POLITICAL SCIENCE)
NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Q. 1. Which of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right?
(a) Workers from Bihar go to the Punjab to work on the farms.
(b) Christian missions set up a chain of missionary schools.
(c) Men and women government employees get the same salary.
(d) Parents property is inherited by their children.
Ans. (d) Parents property is inherited by their children.
Q. 2. Which of the following freedoms is not available to an indian citizen?
(a) Freedom to criticize the government.
(b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution.
(c) Freedom to start a movement to change the government.
(d) Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution.
Ans. (b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution.
Q. 3. Which of the following rights is available under the Indian Constitution?
(a) Right to work.
(b) Right to adequate livelihood.
(c) Right to protect one’s culture.
(d) Right to privacy.
Ans. (c) Right to protect one’s culture.
Q. 4. Name the Fundamental Rights under which each of the following rights falls:
(a) Freedom to propagate one’s religion.
Ans. Freedom of religion.
(b) Right to life.
Ans. (b) Right to freedom.
(c) Abolition of untouchability.
Ans. Right to equality.
(d) Ban on bonded labor.
Ans. Right against exploitation.
Q. 5. Which of these statements about the relationship between democracy and rights is more valid? Give reasons for your preference.
(a) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.
(b) Every country that gives rights to its citizens is a democracy.
(c) Giving rights is good, but it is not necessary for a democracy.
Ans. The statement, “Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.” It is more valid because in democracy the functions of the citizens are very important. But without rights the democracy becomes crippled. So the both are interconnected terms.
Q. 6. Are these restrictions on the right to freedom justified? Give reasons for your answer.
(a) Indian citizens need permission to visit some border areas of the country for reasons of security.
Ans. This restriction is right as per the security of the country. So it is justified. Because without permission means that the person has something wrong notion regarding the border area.
(b) Outsiders are not allowed to buy property in some areas to protect the interest of the local population.
Ans. Some areas like J&K is not allowed outsiders to buy property because of their regional interest. Some extent it is justified.
(c) The government bans the publications of a book that can go against the ruling party in the next elections.
Ans. No, it is against the right of expression. So it is not justified.
Q. 7. Manoj went to a college to apply for readmission into an MBA course. The clerk refused to take his applications and said “You, the son of a sweeper, wish to be a manager! Has anyone done this job in your community? Go to the municipality office and apply for a sweeper’s position”. Which of Manoj’s fundamental rights are being violated in this instance? Spell these out in a letter from Manoj to the district collector.
Ans.
Respected District Collector,
Sir,
It is for your kind information that I am not getting admission in MBA. This is against the right to equality. Moreover I am a SC candidate. So no body can challenge my right to education. It is against the constitutional spirit.
I request to you that personally see the matter and stern action should be taken against concerned authority.
Yours faithfully
Manoj
Q. 8. When Madhurima went to the property registration office, the Registrar told her, “You can’t write your name as Madhurima Banerjee d/o A.K. Banerjee. You are married, so you must give your husband’s name. Your husband’s surname is Rao. So your name should be changed to Madhurima Rao.” She did not agree. She said “if my husband’s name has not changed after marriage, why should mine?” In your opinion who is right in this dispute? And why?
Ans. In this dispute Madhurima is right because according the right to equality, she can write her name according to her wish. She can not be compelled to write Rao as her husband writes with his name.
Q. 9. Thousands of tribals and other forest dwellers gathered at Piparia in Hoshangabad district in Madhya Pradesh to protest against their proposed displacement from the Satpura National Park, Bori Wildlife Sanctuary and Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary. They argue that such a displacement is an attack on their livelihood and beliefs. Government claims that their displacement is an attack on their livelihood and beliefs. Government claims that their displacement is essential for the development of the area and for protection of wildlife. Write a petition on behalf of the forest dwellers to the NHRC, a response from the government and a report of the NHRC on this matter.
Ans. Petition or behalf of the forest dwellers to NHRC. (National Human Rights Commission)
Sir,
This is a case of snatching our livelihood and beliefs. Because our fathers used to live in the foresets and worship their God ‘Van Devta’ and ‘Mountains’. But due to displacement we can not do so. Kindly look into the matter and decide.
Response from the government and the report of NHRC on this matter.
The displacement from Satpura National Park, Bori Wildlife Sanctuary and Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary is essential for the development of the area and for protection of wildlife.
Q. 10. Draw a web interconnecting different rights discussed in this chapter. For example, right to freedom of movement is connected to the freedom of occupation.
One reason for this is that freedom of movement enables a person to got to place of work within one’s village or city or to another village, city or state. Similarly this right can be used for pilgrimage, connected with freedom to follow one’s religion. Draw a circle for each right and mark arrows that show connection between or among different rights. For each arrow, give an example that shows the linkage.
Ans.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Amnesty international works for:
(a) human rights.
(b) trade unions.
(c) poor children.
(d) deprived people.
Ans. (a) human rights.
Q. 2. What was the reason given by America for imprisoning people at Guantanamo Bay?
(a) They had been caught spying.
(b) They were planning to kill the US President.
(c) They were planning to set up a Communist government in USA.
(d) America considered them as enemies and linked them to the attack on New York on 11th September, 2001.
Ans. (d) America considered them as enemies and linked them to the attack on New York on 11th September, 2001.
Q. 3. Which of these options is not correct regarding Saudi Arabian political system?
(a) The king selects the executive, legislature and judiciary.
(b) Citizens cannot form political parties.
(c) There is no freedom of religion.
(d) none of the above.
Ans. (d) none of the above.
Q. 4. Which among the following cannot be challenged in a court?
(a) Directive principles of state policy.
(b) Fundamental Rights.
(c) Freedom to choose any profession or business.
(d) Right to move freely to any part of the country.
Ans. (b) Fundamental Rights.
Q. 5. Which of these statements about the relationship between democracy and rights is more valid?
(a) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.
(b) Every country that gives rights to its citizens is a democracy.
(c) Giving rights is good, but it is not necessary for a democracy.
(d) All the above.
Ans. (b) Every country that gives rights to its citizens is a democracy.
Q. 6. What does ‘PIL stand for?
(a) People’s Interest Litigation.
(b) Public Interest Law.
(c) Public International Litigation.
(d) Public Interest Litigation.
Ans. (d) Public Interest Litigation.
Q. 7. Who appoints the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?
(a) The President.
(b) A senior retired judge.
(c) The Vice President.
(d) The Prime Minister.
Ans. (a) The President.
Q. 8. India is a secular state. What does the word ‘secular’ mean?
(a) The state gives protection to the Hindu religion.
(b) The state allows only the majority to propagate their religion.
(c) The state has no religion of its own.
(d) None of the above.
Ans. (c) The state has no religion of its own.
Q. 9. What does Right to freedom mean?
(a) Freedom of Speech and Expression.
(b) Equality before the law.
(c) Freedom of Religion.
(d) Right against Exploitation.
Ans. (a) Freedom of Speech and Expression.
Q. 10. The Indian Constitution prescribes Fundamental Rights in:
(a) Part III.
(b) part VII.
(c) part V.
(d) part IV.
Ans. (a) Part III.
Q. 11. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and those the correct option.
Assertion (A): It is the language, culture and religion of minorities that needs special protection.
Reason (R): Every person has a right to profess, practice and propagate the religion he or she believes in.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (B) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans. (b) Both (A) and (B) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Q. 12. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Once the right to liberty and equality is granted, it follows that every citizen has a right not to be exploited.
Reason (R): The arrested person does not have the right to consult a lawyer or engage a lawyer for his defense.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) (A) is true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
Q. 13. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option.
Assertion (A): The government cannot impose any reasonable restrictions on our freedoms in the larger interests of the society.
Reason (R): Our ideas and personality develop only when we are able to freely communicate with others.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) (A) is true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Q. 14. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Right to Constitutional Remedies is itself a Fundamental Right.
Reason (R): This right makes other rights effective.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) (A) is true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Q. 15. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Reservations are against the idea of right to equality.
Reason (R): It is not necessary to give special treatment to someone in order to ensure equal opportunity.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (B) are false.
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans. (b) Both (A) and (B) are false.
Fill in the Blanks:
(i) _________ is the basic and highest law for any country.
Ans. Constitution.
(ii) India is a __________ state.
Ans. secular.
(iii) The Human Rights Day is celebrated on ___________.
Ans. 10th December.
(iv) __________ are recognised and enforced by the state.
Ans. Legal Rights.
(v) The judges are appointed for a __________ period.
Ans. fixed.
True and False:
(i) Democracy and citizens’ rights are mutually complementary.
Ans. True.
(ii) Rights do not play an important role in a democracy.
Ans. False.
(iii) People cannot criticize the government or the activities of an association.
Ans. False.
(iv) Freedom means presence of interference in our affairs by others.
Ans. False.
(v) Rights may be classified as civil, political, economic and social and cultural rights.
Ans. True.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. What are Rights?
Ans. Rights are reasonable claims made by persons. They are recognised by the society. They are sanctioned by the government also.
Q. 2. Expressing of views on social issues is permitted by which fundamental right?
Ans. Expressing of views on social issues is permitted by the fundamental right like Freedom of Speech and expression.
Q. 3. List at least three rights available under the Indian Constitution.
Ans. Three rights available under the Indian Constitution are listed below:
(i) Right to work.
(ii) Right to adequate livelihood.
(iii) Right to protect one’s culture.
Q. 4. Give an example of political right.
Ans. Right to contest election is an example of political right.
Q. 5. List three examples of civil right.
Ans. Three examples of civil right are listed below:
(i) Right to life.
(ii) Right to equality.
(iii) Right to freedom of expression.
Q. 6. What do you know about a Secular state?
Ans. A Secular state is a kind of state which gives no preference to the state religion. India is a secular state.
Q. 7. What is the idea behind the Directive Principles of State Policy?
Ans. The Directive Principles of State Policy have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland. It is also influenced by the principles of Gandhism.
Q. 8. List two examples of political rights.
Ans. Two examples of political right are ted below:
(i) Right to contest elections.
(ii) Right to seek any political office.
Q. 9. Mention one charge of human rights violation made by Amnesty International against the USA.
Ans. The prisoners were tortured and denied the treatment that is given to even prisoners of war as per international treaties. They were not released even after they were officially declared non-guilty.
Q. 10. Why are rights essential?
Ans. Rights are essential for the development of individuals.
Q. 11. What does ‘rule of law’ mean?
Ans. It means that no person is above the law and the laws apply to all in the same manner regardless of a person’s position, caste, creed, religion or gender.
Q. 12. How does the government restricted freedom to speech?
Ans. This freedom cannot be used to instigate violence against others. Someone can’t be defamed by false and mean things.
Q. 13. How many fundamental rights are given to the Indian citizens by the constitution?
Ans. Six fundamental rights are given to the Indian citizens by the constitution.
Q. 14. How is our fundamental rights protected?
Ans. Our fundamental rights are protected by judiciary. If they are taken away, we can knock the door of the Supreme Court.
Q. 15. Explain the meaning of the term ‘rights’ and describe any two characteristics of rights.
Ans. Rights are reasonable claims of individuals recognised by society and sanctioned by law. Rights are mentioned in the constitution. Some rights which are fundamental to our life are given a special status. They are called fundamental Rights. The objective of our constitution is to secure to all its citizens equality, liberty and justice.
Q. 16. Find one word for the ‘practice’ where the worker is forced to render service to the master free of charge or at a nominal remuneration.
Ans. The word, ‘Begar’ is the practice where the workers are forced to render service to the master free of charge or at a nominal remuneration.
Q. 17. What are Legal Rights?
Ans. Legal Rights are special rights. They are recognised and enforced by the state. Their disobedience is liable to punishment. For example, right to life, liberty and property.
Q. 18. Who defends the rights of the citizens in democracy?
Ans. The Supreme Court and High Courts defend the rights of the citizens in democracy.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. How has the Indian Constitution ensured the independence of the judiciary?
Ans. (i) The Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the Presi-dent of India on the advice of the Prime Minis-ter and in consultation with Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
(ii) Once a judge is appointed, it is very difficult to remove him from that position.
(iii) The judges are appointed for a fixed pe-riod. Their enrolments and service conditions are also fixed and cannot be altered.
Q. 2. Explain three provisions of the fundamental rights against exploitation.
Ans. (a) Children under the age of 14 are not to be employed in hazardous occupations.
(b) Begar was practice where the workers were forced to work without wages. Our constitution has declared this act as an illegal act.
(c) Ban on human trafficking. Traffic here signifies buying and selling of human beings, especially women which is very immoral act.
Q. 3. ‘Right to freedom is the cluster of several freedoms’. Justify.
Or
“The right to freedom is a cluster of six rights.” Explain.
Ans. “The Right to Freedom” is considered as the “Cluster of six freedoms” and also known as the “freedom of freedoms”. The different freedoms granted are as follows:
(a) Freedom of speech and expression.
(b) Freedom to assemble in a peaceful manner.
(c) Form associations and unions.
(d) Freedom to move freely throughout the country.
(e) Reside in any part of the country.
(f) Freedom to practice any profession, or the carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Q. 4. Examine the various aspects of Right to Equality.
Ans. (a) Equality before law.
(b) Prohibition of discrimination.
(c) Equality of opportunity.
(d) Abolition of untouchability and titles.
Q. 5. Define rights. What are the three ingredients of ‘right’?
Ans. Definition: Rights are reasonable claims of persons recognised by society and sanctioned by law.
Three ingredients of right:
(i) It is a claim of an individual.
(ii) It should receive recognition by the society. It involves good of all and as such, it receives social recognition.
(iii) Finally rights are just like moral claims unless they are enforced by the state. So, they need sanction of law.
Q. 6. “Rights play an important role in any democracy.” Explain the given statement with the help of any three points.
Ans. (i) Rights play an important role in a democracy. They are essential for the very sustenance of a democracy.
(ii) Rights also perform a very significant role in a democracy. It is ensured by rights that the majority cannot do whatever it likes.
(iii) In a democracy, some rights are fundamental to our life and all-round development. These rights are guarantees which can be used when things go wrong.
Q. 7. Name any four political rights.
Ans. (i) Right to vote.
(ii) Right to fight election.
(iii) Right to hold any public office.
(iv) Right to criticize the government.
Q. 8. What is the necessity and importance of the Fundamental Rights?
Ans. (i) Rights are essential for the development of the powers inherent in every individual.
(ii) Democracy implies such freedoms as freedom of speech and expression.
(iii) The rights are a check on the despotic conduct of the executive and legislature.
Q. 9. Write the names of the six Fundamental Rights given in the Constitution of India.
Ans. List of the Fundamental Rights:
(i) Right to equality.
(ii) Right to freedom.
(iii) Right against exploitation.
(iv) Right to freedom of religion.
(v) Cultural and educational rights.
(vi) Right to constitutional remedies.
Q. 10. Name the Fundamental Rights under which each of the following rights falls:
(a) Freedom to propagate one’s religion.
Ans. Right to freedom of religion.
(b) Right to life.
Ans. Right to freedom.
(c) Abolition of untouchability.
Ans. Right to equality.
(d) Ban on bonded labor.
Ans. Right against exploitation.
Q 11. Which six rights are given by the Indian Constitution to the citizens under night to freedom?
Ans. 1. Freedom to speech and expression.
2. Freedom to assemble peacefully and without arms.
3. Freedom to form associations and unions.
4. Freedom to reside and settle in any part India.
5. Freedom to move freely throughout the Country.
6. Freedom to practice any profession and carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Q. 12. What do you mean by ‘Habeas Corpus’?
Ans. ‘Habeas Corpus’ means ‘Let us have the body’. A person when arrested moves the court for the issue of writ of Habeas Corpus. It is an order by a court to the detaining authority to produce the arrested person before it so that it may examine whether the person has been lawfully detained or not. If the court is convinced that person is illegally detained, it can issue orders for release.
Q. 13. What is meant by ‘Quo-Warranto’?
Ans. It is issued to an individual who has usurped a public office. He is asked through that writ about this right to hold the said office. This writ is issued only when there is no other way out of remedying the grievances. Moreover, it can be issued only for a public office and not for the office of any private organization. In reply to such writ the office concerned has to legally prove his right to hold that office, otherwise, court can get the office vacated.
Q. 14. “When any of our rights is violated, we can seek remedy through courts.” Explain the statement.
Ans. We have right to seek the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights. This is called the right to constitutional Remedies. When any of our rights is violated, we can seek. Remedy through courts. If it is a Fundamental Rights, we can directly approach the Supreme Court or the High Court of India. They have power to issue directions, orders or writs for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights. They award compensation for the violation.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Explain the right to equality enjoyed by the citizens of India. What is its importance?
Ans. Under the Right to Equality, the Indian Constitution has sought to lessen or remove the social discrimination and economic disparities. Its essential features are as follows:
(i) Equality before law: Under this every person is guaranteed equality before law and equal protection under law within the Indian territory.
(ii) Prohibition of discrimination: Under this, state cannot discriminate against any citizen on the grounds of religion, caste, race, place of birth, etc.
(iii) Abolition of titles: Under the right to equality the Indian state is prohibited from conferring on Indian citizens any titles other than related to academics, sports and military distinction.
Importance: Right to equality is very significant to Indian polity as every citizen even from the Prime Minister to small farmer is liable to be treated equally before low.
Q. 2. Why are rights necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy? Explain with the help of examples from the Indian Constitution.
Ans. Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy. Citizens should have the right to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities. Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority.
For example:
(i) Every citizen has the right to vote and right to contest election which enables him to participate in the governance process.
(ii) Right to express gives them opportunity to give their opinion.
(iii) Rights help the minorities and the oppressed from the exploitation and oppression.
(iv) Things may go wrong when somebody’s rights are taken away by the majority. Therefore, the right to protect oneself is also essential.
(v) People may not be deprived of their rights forcibly by any authority, it is necessary that me rights should be placed higher than the government. For example all the Fundamental Rights and Right to Constitutional Remedies play a vital role in this direction.
Q. 3. ‘The right to freedom of speech and expression does not come without qualifications. Explain.
Ans. The statement “the right to freedom of speech and expression” is not well justified because there is no qualification bonding on the freedom of speech.
(a) Every body is free to communicate with others.
(b) People are free to criticize the government or the activities of an association through pamphlets, magazines or newspapers.
(c) But at the same time, people cannot use this freedom to instigate violence against others.
(d) We cannot instigate the people to rebel against government or spread falsehood to damage a person’s image.
Q. 4. Why the Constitution specifies the cultural and educational rights of the minorities?
Ans. 1. Any section of citizens with a distinct language or culture have a right to conserve it.
2. Admission to any educational institution maintained by government or receiving government aid can not be denied to any citizen on the ground of religion or language.
3. All minorities have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of the choice. Here minority does not mean only religious minority at the national level. In some places people speaking a particular language are in majority; people speaking a different language are in a minority. For example, Telugu speaking people form a majority in Andhra Pradesh, but they are a minority in the neighboring state of Karnataka. Sikhs constitute a majority in Punjab, but they are a minority in Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi.
HOTS QUESTION
Q. 1. Write a short note on the National Human Rights Commission.
Ans. 1. This is an independent commission set up by law in 1993. Like judiciary, the Commission is independent of the government. The Commission is appointed by the President and includes retired judges, officers and eminent citizens. Yet it does not have the burden of deciding court cases. So it can focus on helping the victims secure their human rights. These include all the rights granted to the citizens by the Constitution. For NHRC human rights also include the rights mentioned in the UN sponsored international treaties that India has signed.
2. The NHRC can not by itself punish the guilty. That is the responsibility of courts. The NHRC is there to make independent and credible inquiries into any case of violation of human rights. It also inquires into any case of abetment of such violation or negligence in controlling it by any government officer and takes other general steps to promote human rights in the country.
3. The Commission present its findings and recommendations to the government or intervene in the court on behalf of the victims. It has wide ranging powers to carry out its inquiry. Like any court it can summon witnesses, question any government official, demand any official paper, visit any prison for inspection or send its own team for on the spot inquiry.
Q. 2. “The principle of non-discrimination extends of social life”. Explain.
Ans. 1. The Constitution mentions one extreme form of social discrimination, the practice of untouchability, and clearly directs the government to put an end to it.
2. The practice of untouchability has been forbidden in any form. Untouchability here does not only mean refusal to touch people belonging to certain castes. If refers to any belief or social practice which looks down upon people on account of their birth with certain caste Labels.
3. Such practice denies them interaction with others or access to public places as equal citizens. So the Constitution made untouchability a punishable offense.
Q. 3. How can you say that India is a secular state?
Ans. 1. A secular state is one that does not confer any privilege or favor on any particular religion. Nor does it punish or discriminate against people on the basis of religion they follow.
2. Thus the government can not compel any person to pay any taxes for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious institution.
3. There shall be no religious instruction in the government educational institutions. In educational institutions managed by private bodies no person shall be compelled to take part in any religious instruction or to attend any religious worship.
Q. 4. The Constitution of South Africa guarantees its citizen several kinds of new rights. Mention some of the new rights.
Ana. 1. Right to privacy, so that citizens or their home cannot be seated, their phones cas not be tapped, their communication cas not be opened.
2. Right to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being.
3. Right to have access to adequate housing.
4. Right to have access to health care services, sufficient food and water; no one may be refused emergency medical treatment.
PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS
1. Read the given passage and answer questions that follow:
Just because we claim something it does not become our right. It has to be recognised by the society we live in. Rights acquire meaning only in unity society. Every society makes certain rules to regulate our conduct. They tell us what is right and what is wrong. What is recognised by the society as rightful becomes the basis of rights. That is why the notion of rights changes from time to time and society to society. Two hundred years ago anyone who said that women should have right to vote would have sounded strange. Today not granting them vote in Arshis appears strange.
(i) What are ‘claims’?
(a) Claims are rights that are enshrined in the constitution.
(b) Claims are legal rights granted to citizens.
(c) Claims are demand for legal or moral entitlements a person makes on fellow citizens, society or the government.
(d) Claims are political sanctions made by the political party in power.
Ans. (c) Claims are demand for legal or moral entitlements a person makes on fellow citizens, society or the government.
(ii) Which of the following facts justify the position of women in Saudi Arabia?
(a) Women uphold right to equality.
(b) Women uphold educational rights.
(c) Women uphold political rights.
(d) The testimony of one man is considered equal to that of two women.
Ans. (d) The testimony of one man is considered equal to that of two women.
(iii) Rights protect minorities from the:
(a) getting obsessed for power.
(b) oppression of majority.
(c) publicizing their views.
(d) attaining legal sanctions.
Ans. (b) oppression of majority.
(iv) For democratic elections to take place, it is necessary that citizens should have the right to:
(a) do whatever they like.
(b) take away the rights of others.
(c) express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities.
(d) express their opinion in a violent way.
Ans. (c) express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities.
2. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
Once the right to liberty and equality is granted, it follows that every citizen has a right not to be exploited. Yet the Constitution makers thought is was necessary to write down certain dear provisions to prevent exploitation of the weaker sections of the society. The Constitution mentions three specific evils and declares these illegal. First, the Constitution prohibits ‘traffic in human beings’.
(i) Freedom means absence of constraints. In practical life it means:
(a) right to do anything to satisfy oneself.
(b) right to criticize the government.
(c) absence of interference in our affairs by others- be it other individuals or the government.
(d) wish and will to foster positivity.
Ans. (c) absence of interference in our affairs by others- be it other individuals or the government.
(ii) We may disagree with a policy of government or activities of an association, we should be free to:
(a) take up arms in revolt.
(b) topple the government.
(c) manipulate elections.
(d) concise the government or the activities of the associating in our conversations with parents, friends and relatives.
Ans. (d) concise the government or the activities of the associating in our conversations with parents, friends and relatives.
(iii) What do you mean by ‘traffic in human beings’?
(a) plying people from one place to another.
(b) selling and buying of human beings, usually women, for immoral purposes.
(c) managing the traffic of an area.
(d) employing people in transport industry.
Ans. (b) selling and buying of human beings, usually women, for immoral purposes.
(iv) The term ‘begar’ refers to:
(a) ask for alms.
(b) employ children for work.
(c) devote extra time for wage earning.
(d) practice where the worker is forced to render service to the ‘master’ free of charge or at a nominal remuneration.
Ans. (d) practice where the worker is forced to render service to the ‘master’ free of charge or at a nominal remuneration.
3. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
Sometimes the expansion takes place in what is called human rights. These are universal moral claims that may or may not have been recognised by law. In that sense these claims are not rights going by the definition that we presented earlier. With the expansion of democracy all over the world, there is greater pressure on governments to accept these claims. Some international covenants have also contributed to the expansion of rights.
(i) What do you mean by ‘covenants’?
(a) Any promise made by the leaders of the political party to win elections.
(b) Any promise made by individuals, groups or countries to uphold a rule or principle.
(c) Any promise made in the Constitution.
(d) Any promise made to provide work.
Ans. (b) Any promise made by individuals, groups or countries to uphold a rule or principle.
(ii) Which of the following rights have been seen as a standard of human rights by the International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights?
(a) Right to adequate standard of living including adequate food, clothing and housing.
(b) Right to Information.
(c) Right to social security and insurance.
(d) Both (a) and (c).
Ans. (d) Both (a) and (c).
(iii) Which of the following the rights enshrined in the South African Constitution contributed to the expansion of rights?
(a) Free and compulsory primary education, equal access to higher education.
(b) Right to social security.
(c) Right to privacy, so that citizens or their home cannot be searched, their phones cannot be tapped, their communication cannot be opened.
(d) Right to Work.
Ans. (c) Right to privacy, so that citizens or their home cannot be searched, their phones cannot be tapped, their communication cannot be opened.
(iv) Which of the following Act was made under the Fundamental Right to Freedom of Thought and Expression?
(a) Right to Information.
(b) Right to Education.
(c) Right to reside in any part of India.
(d) Right to Occupation.
Ans. (a) Right to Information.
