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NCERT Class 9 Physical Education Important Chapter 10 The Ancient Olympic Games
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The Ancient Olympic Games
Chapter: 10
| Unit – 3 Olympism |
| IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER |
Short Question Answer:
1. When and where did the first recorded ancient Olympic Games take place?
Ans: The first recorded ancient Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE at a sacred valley called Olympia in Greece.
2. What was the main purpose of the ancient Olympic Games?
Ans: The main purpose of the Games was to honour Zeus, the chief God of the Greeks, through physical excellence and fair competition.
3. Who were the Hellanodikai?
Ans: The Hellanodikai, meaning ‘Judges of the Greeks’, were the people from Elis responsible for preparing and managing the ancient Olympic Games.
4. What is the meaning of the Greek word arête?
Ans: The Greek word arête means excellence of character, which the Greeks believed was achieved by winning an event.
5. Name the events included in the ancient Pentathlon.
Ans: The ancient Pentathlon included five events: running, long jump, discus throw, javelin throw, and wrestling.
6. What was the kotinos and what did it symbolise?
Ans: The kotinos was a wreath made of wild olive leaves awarded to victors, symbolising purity, hard work, and peace.
7. Why did the ancient Greek city-states observe the Olympic Truce?
Ans: The city-states observed the Olympic Truce to temporarily stop all wars and conflicts so that athletes and visitors could travel safely to Olympia.
8. What were the Heraean Games?
Ans: The Heraean Games were a separate sporting event held in honour of the Goddess Hera for young women, as they were not allowed to take part in the main Games.
9. Who banned the ancient Olympic Games and when?
Ans: The Roman Emperor Theodosius I banned the ancient Olympic Games in 393 CE after Christianity became the main religion of the Roman empire.
10. Who was inspired by the ancient ruins to revive the modern Olympic Games?
Ans: The French educator Pierre de Coubertin studied the ideals of ancient Olympia and was inspired to bring back the Modern Olympic Games in 1896.
Long Questions & Answers:
1. Describe the preparation, rules, and oath-taking process for athletes in the ancient Olympic Games.
Ans: In the ancient Olympic Games, athletes had to prove their Greek citizenship and moral character, and only free-born Greek men were allowed to compete. They trained strictly for ten months in the gymnasia and palaestrae of their city-states, following specific diets and routines. Before the Games began, every athlete had to take an oath in front of the statue of Zeus, promising to play fairly and respect the rules. This oath demonstrated that honesty and discipline were considered just as vital as physical strength and skill.
2. Discuss the various sporting events that took place during the five days of the ancient Olympic Games.
Ans: The Games lasted for five days and featured a variety of events, starting with the stadion race, a short sprint of about 192 metres. Over time, longer running races like the diaulos and dolichos were added. Combat sports included wrestling, boxing, and the pankration, which was a tough event combining wrestling and boxing. They also featured the pentathlon (consisting of running, long jump, discus throw, javelin throw, and wrestling) and chariot racing, which was a major highlight held in the hippodrome.
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