Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 4 Growing of Perennials

Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 4 Growing of Perennials Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 4 Growing of Perennials Question Answer and select need one. Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 4 Growing of Perennials Notes Download PDF. AHSEC Class 12 Elective Agriculture and Floriculturist Question Answer English Medium.

Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 4 Growing of Perennials

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Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. AHSEC Class 12 Elective Agriculture and Floriculturist Textual Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given AHSEC Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 4 Growing of Perennials Textbook Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Growing of Perennials

Chapter: 4

A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. The group of plants which remains productive for many years is __________________. 

Ans: Perennial.

2. The plants which have soft and succulent stem are ___________________. 

Ans: Perennial herbs.

3. Climbers are perennials which have _________________ and need support to climb. 

Ans: Weak stem.

4. Medium size bushy plants are known as _______________. 

Ans: Shrubs.

5. The plant with well defined single woody stem and branching at crocks is known as a __________________. 

Ans: Tree.

6. The height of a tree may be more than ______________ meters. 

Ans: Five.

7. Continuous growth is shown by __________________.

Ans: Evergreen trees.

B. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. In ______________, the growth phase is discontinuous. 

(a) Deciduous trees.

(b) Evergreen trees. 

(c) Annuals. 

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (a) Deciduous trees.

2. In India, shrubs are mostly planted during the ___________ season. 

(a) Rainy. 

(b) Winter. 

(c) Summer. 

(d) None of the above. 

Ans: (a) Rainy.

3. ______________ is an art of giving shape of an object to the plants. 

(a) Girdling.

(b) Pruning. 

(c) Topiary. 

(d) Goottee. 

Ans: (c) Topiary.

4. _______________ is not a type of climber. 

(a) Twiners. 

(b) Ramblers. 

(c) Rubber plant. 

(d) Trailers.

Ans: (c) Rubber plant.

5. Money plant is an example of a ________________. 

(a) Tree. 

(b) Shrub. 

(c) Climber. 

(d) Rambler.

Ans: (c) Climber. 

C. Subjective Questions:

1. What are perennials? Give the important characteristics of perennials.

Ans: Perennial is the group of plants that remains productive for many years and gives economic returns continuously, for years together, when planted once. The cycle of production continues year after year or season after season for more than two years. 

They live longer, are hardy, and can tolerate adverse climate. If once planted or sown, they are not required to be replanted year after year, for example, Amaltas, Bauhinia, Gardenia, Ixora, Jasmine, Quisqualis, Rose, etc.

 2. What are the different types of perennials?

Ans: Types of perennials:

(i) Perennial Herbs or Herbaceous Perennials: Those perennials which have non-woody, soft and fibrous stem, and where aerial plant parts may dry or rot once in a year during adverse weather conditions, are known as herbaceous perennials, such as Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, etc.

(ii) Climbers: The group of perennials, which have weak stems and require support to climb or creep, are known as climbers. These cannot stand erect without any support. They have specialised organs like tendrils with which they twine to any support to grow vertically (climber), or  may creep over through haustorium or with the help of hooked thorns as creepers, for example, golden shower, rangoon creeper, bougainvillea, money plant, etc.

(iii) Shrubs: These perennials are medium bushy plants growing up to 5 m in height but with base-branching, producing hard and woody stems from the ground level such as rose, allamanda, ixora, mussaenda, gardenia, night jasmine, hibiscus, etc. 

(iv) Trees: The plants which have well defined single woody stem with branching are called trees. The height may be more than 5 meters. Such plants are gulmohur, kadamba, shirish, acacia, michelia, magnolia, ashok, neem, peltophorum, bauhinia, etc.

3. Give the important uses of perennials.

Ans: (i) Trees can be planted on avenues and parkings for shade and beautification.

(ii) Shrubs can be planted as hedges (for creating boundaries and screening) or in groups and for producing loose flowers.

(iii) Climbers can be trained to climb on trees, buildings, arches, and pergolas to enhance beauty.

(iv) Some of the perennials like carnation, chrysanthemum, rose, etc., produce cut flowers.

(v) They are used as potted plants for indoor beautification of houses, offices, hospitals, schools, and ceremonies.

 4. Write down the importance of trees.

Ans: Commensurately and proportionately planted trees along the buildings make the buildings more valuable. Their proper placing in the garden enhances the visual effect of the garden, and systematically planting the trees along the road sides, apart from providing shade during harsh summer, also give a very pleasing effect. Trees make for a strong framework in landscaping. Trees are tall growing perennials, with marked trunk and they bear flowers and fruits for several years, and provide shelter to various animals and birds, and also provide fuel, fodder, and timberwood. They function as natural air conditioners, provide fresh oxygen by absorbing pollutants, are used in preparing various medicines, yield rubber and gums. They also regulate rainfall and check soil erosion and pollution.

5. Write down the uses of shrubs.

Ans: (i) They are used for shrubbery borders, ground covers, and specimen plants.

(ii) They can be used for developing hedges around the garden.

(iii) They can be planted in rows as windbreaks.

(iv) They can be grown in pots and arranged in rows as borders.

(v) They can be trained into topiary to resemble some animals and birds.

(v) They can be grown for flower production.

 6. Describe the propagation of shrubs.

Ans: Shrubs are propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering, budding, grafting, and tissue culture. Semi-hardwood cuttings of many ornamental shrubs like Hibiscus, Mussaenda, etc., are used. Hardwood cuttings are employed in Bougainvillea, Duranta, etc. Air layering is used in Crotons, Hibiscus, etc. Grafting and budding are used in rose, jasmine, and Ixora. Tissue culture is used for large-scale multiplication of shrubs.

7. How can trees be planted?

Ans: (i) Pits of 1 × 1 × 1 m are dug in advance.

(ii) Pits are refilled with topsoil mixed with FYM and fertilizers.

(iii) Staking is provided for better establishment.

(iv) The soil is pressed firmly around roots after planting.

(v) Water liberally after planting.

8. What is topiary work? Name the plants suitable for topiary.

Ans: Topiary is the art of clipping, trimming, and training of plants to give different geometrical or animal shapes. 

The plants suitable are Duranta, Murraya exotica, Bougainvillea, Clerodendrum, and Ixora.

9. What are trees? How are they classified?

Ans: Trees are tall growing perennials, with marked trunk and they bear flowers and fruits for several years. Classification of trees according to uses and purpose:

(i) Foliage trees: e.g., Alstonia, Neem, Banyan.

(ii) Shady trees: e.g., Neem, Banyan, Rain tree, Silver Oak.

(iii) Erect growing: e.g., Ashok, Semal, Arjun.

(iv) Flowering trees: e.g., Cassia, Bauhinia, Delonix, Butea, Champa, Semal.

10. What are shrubs? How are they classified?

Ans: A perennial shrub is a woody plant growing up to 5 m, having many branches from the base. 

Classifications include:

(i) Ornamental shrubs.

(ii) Medicinal shrubs (Adulsa, Catharanthus, Ocimum, etc.).

(iii) Holy shrubs (Hibiscus, Jasmine, Ocimum, Rosa, etc.).

11. What are the different types of climbers? Explain with suitable examples.

Ans: (i) Twiners: e.g., Quisqualis.

(ii)Tendrillar climbers: e.g., Sweet pea.

(iii) Root climbers: e.g., Money plant.

(iv) Hook climbers: e.g., Bougainvillea.

(v) Scramblers/Ramblers: e.g., Rosa indica.

12. Distinguish between:

(i) Climbers and creepers.

Ans: Climbers have weak stems but grow upward with support; Creepers spread horizontally on ground.

(ii) Trees and shrubs.

Ans: Trees have a single tall woody trunk; Shrubs are shorter, bushy, with many branches from the base.

13. Give five examples of each of the plants suitable for:

(i) Flowering Trees:

Ans: Cassia, Bauhinia, Delonix, Butea, Semal.

(ii) Flowering Shrubs: 

Ans: Hibiscus, Ixora, Mussaenda, Jasmine, Rose

(iii) Flowering Climbers: 

Ans: Bougainvillea, Rangoon creeper, Quisqualis, Money plant, Sweet pea.

(iv) Ornamental Shrubs: 

Ans: Croton, Acalypha, Duranta, Lawsonia, Calliandra.

(v) Bonsai:

Ans: Ficus, Ixora, Bougainvillea, Juniper, Adenium.

(vi) Indoor Plants:

Ans: Money plant, Syngonium, Coleus, Dieffenbachia, Areca palm.

(vii) Palms: 

Ans: Areca, Date palm, Fan palm, Royal palm, Coconut.

(viii) Ornamental Trees: 

Ans: Ashok, Polyalthia, Silver Oak, Magnolia, Jacaranda.

D. Match the Columns:

Ans: 

A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. A _______________ is a plant that is grown indoors in places such as residences and offices.

Ans: House plant.

2. The group of plants with a single stem and large terminal leaves are ________________. 

Ans: Palms.

3. Planting of evergreen indoor plants is done in________________. 

Ans: July–August.

4. Japanese words bon means _____________ or tray and sai means _______________. 

Ans: Shallow pan, planting.

5. In China, bonsai is called ___________________.

Ans: Penzai. 

B. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Fingertip bonsai size restricts to __________________ .

(a) 5–7 cm. 

(b) 5–10 cm. 

(c) 7–9 cm. 

(d) 5–12 cm.

Ans: (b) 5–10 cm.

2. Bromeliads are interesting epiphytic plants and mostly _____________________.

(a) Succulents. 

(b) Hardy.

(c) Woody. 

(d) None of these.

Ans: (a) Succulents.

3. Which one of these is not a palm? 

(a) Phoenix roebelenii.

(b) Livistona chinensis. 

(c) Howea belmoreana. 

(d) Bilbergia nutans. 

Ans: (d) Bilbergia nutans.

4. Which one of these is not an example of fern? 

(a) Adiantum capillus.

(b) lechnum gibbum. 

(c) Nephrolepis biserrata. 

(d) Begonia semperflorens.

Ans: (d) Begonia semperflorens.

C. Subjective Questions:

1. What do you mean by indoor plants? Give their different types.

Ans: A plant which is ornamental for its foliage, flowers or both, and satisfactorily adjusts to the indoor environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, light, and aeration) of a house is known as an indoor plant. These give a sensation of enchantment in patios, porticos, living rooms, bedrooms, bathrooms, stairs, window sills, walls, roof hangings, and rooftops. These are grown primarily for beautification and secondly, for keeping the indoor environment free of pollution.

Types of indoor plants:

(i) Foliage plants.

(ii) Palms.

(iii) Bromeliads.

(iv) Indoor flowering plants.

2. What are palms?

Ans: These (Palmae) are a group of plants mostly with single stem and large leaves, suitable for growing in large halls or rooms. The leaves of these plants present a wonderful variety in form and structure. Some of the useful palms are Howea belmoreana (dwarf palm), Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm), Neanthe bella (dwarf palm), Phoenix roebelenii (pygmy date palm), Aneca palm etc.

3. What are bromeliads? 

Ans: They are interesting epiphytic plants, mostly succulents, with attractively coloured leaves and flowers. Those grown indoors are Billbergia nutans, Cryptanthus, Till and sia, Pitcairnia balansae, etc. 

4. Write down the procedure of making bonsai.

Ans: For bonsai making, selection of plant is most important, and then comes the procedure through root pruning, branch cutting, twisting, wiring, and tying to a direction to make these informal or slanting. Generally, non rusting copper wiring is used. After the objectives are attained, the wires are removed gently for reuse. These are planted in appropriate and suitable containers or pots filled with the right quantity of soil mixture. Fertiliser is given barely so that these may not attain the luxurious growth but also such that these do not die and so is the case for watering. Any extra growth should be removed immediately.

D. Match the Columns:

Ans:

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