Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 3 Growing of Annuals

Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 3 Growing of Annuals Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 3 Growing of Annuals Question Answer and select need one. Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 3 Growing of Annuals Notes Download PDF. AHSEC Class 12 Elective Agriculture and Floriculturist Question Answer English Medium.

Class 12 Agriculture and Floriculturist Chapter 3 Growing of Annuals

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Growing of Annuals

Chapter: 3

Session 1: Cultivation of Rose

Check Your Progress

 A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Plants that complete their life cycle within a season or in a year are __________. 

Ans: Annuals.

2. Low temperature can be withstood by ____________ annuals. 

Ans: Winter season.

3. Winter annuals can be sown in __________. 

Ans: September–October.

4. High temperature and dry weather can be tolerated by the__________ annuals. 

Ans: Summer season.

5. High humidity is required for the flowering of _________ annuals. 

Ans: Rainy season.

6. Rainy season annuals can be sown in ______________. 

Ans: June.

7. The planting of annuals at the border of a bed in a definite pattern is known as ___________. 

Ans: Herbaceous border.

8. Artificial application of water to the crop is known as ______________. 

Ans: Irrigation.

9. A serious disease of nursery is ____________. 

Ans: Damping off.

10. Plug trays are commonly known as ______________.

Ans: Pro-trays.

B. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The width of single-faced border is kept at about _______. 

(a) 2.5 m. 

(b) 4.5 m. 

(c) 5.5 m. 

(d) 6.5 m.

Ans: (a) 2.5 m.

2. The width of double-faced border is kept at about _______________. 

(a) 2.5 m. 

(b) 4.5 m. 

(c) 5.5 m. 

(d) 6.5 m. 

Ans: (b) 4.5 m.

3. Which of the following is not a winter season annual? 

(a) Candytuft.

(b) Pansy. 

(c) Zinnia. 

(d) Sweet sultan. 

Ans: (c) Zinnia.

4. Tall annuals are generally planted at a spacing of _______________. 

(a) 20 × 20 cm. 

(b) 30 × 30 cm. 

(c) 40 × 40 cm.

(d) 60 × 60 cm. 

Ans: (b) 30 × 30 cm.

5. Storage temperature of dahlia flower is about? 

(a) 0oC. 

(b) 2oC. 

(c) 4oC. 

(d) 46oC. 

Ans: (c) 4oC.

6. Which of the following is a rainy season foliage annual? 

(a) Gaillardia. 

(b) Petunia.

(c) Larkspur. 

(d) Kochia.

Ans: (d) Kochia.

C. Subjective Questions:

1. Write about annuals and their importance.  

Ans: Annuals are defined as those monocarpic plants that complete their life cycle within a season or year from seed to seed. They complete the process of their life cycle such as germination, growth, flowering, seed formation, and natural death in a season or a year. They need fresh planting or sowing in every season or year. They are generally herbaceous and hardy to semi-hardy, for example antirrhinum, China aster, gomphrena, marigold, petunia, verbena, zinnia, etc. Annuals provide a beautiful look of various colours in the garden. These plants mostly have a long flowering duration, sizeable height coupled with a wide colour range, ease of cultivation, attractive shape, and general adaptability.

Importance of Annuals:

(i) They are used as instant landscaping for decoration on various occasions.

(ii) They can be grown individually or with plants in borders or in beds.

(iii) They can be trained on walls and trellises.

(iv) They can be planted in the form of edges, borders, or ground covers.

(v) They can be grown for cut flowers, loose flowers, and dried flowers. 

(vi) They can be planted in hanging baskets and pots. 

(vii) They are also suitable for planting in rock gardens.

2. Give the important characteristics of annuals.

Ans: These plants mostly have a long flowering duration, sizeable height coupled with a wide colour range, ease of cultivation, attractive shape, and general adaptability.

3. Describe herbaceous border.  

Ans: The planting of annuals in the border of a bed in a definite pattern is known as herbaceous border. Its length is much more than the width and maybe made against a wall, fence, shrubbery, hedge, or a path. It maybe single or double-faced. Single faced border is viewed from the front side whereas double-faced is created in the centre of the garden so that it can be viewed from both the sides. 

The ideal site for making a herbaceous border should be sunny and facing South so that the annuals get sunlight for the maximum duration in a day. If that direction is not available, it should be made facing the East direction. Here, tall annuals are planted in the back, the intermediate types in the centre, and the smallest ones in the front in single-faced border; while in the double-faced border, the tallest ones are kept in the centre, then the intermediate types at both the sides, and in front of both the sides the smallest ones are kept. The width of single-faced border is about 2.5 metres while that of the double-faced ones is roughly 4.5 metres.

4. How is a seed bed prepared for raising annuals?

Ans: Preparation of seedbed:

(i) Seeds of annuals are sown on a raised seedbed.

(ii) The soil should be sandy loam, rich in organic matter, and well-drained.

(iii) Soil pH should range between 6.0 and 7.5.

(iv) The soil of the seedbed should be deeply cultivated to bring it to a fine tilth and all the stumps, weeds, stones, brick, tile pieces, and wood pieces, etc., should be removed from the field, and land should be levelled.

(v) Soil of the bed should be sterilised before sowing, to prevent diseases such as damping off.

(vi) The sterilisation may be done after mixing 5–10 kg of FYM/m², with 2% formalin through soil drenching, to kill the pathogenic spores and nematodes in the soil, covered with polythene at least for 48 hours, then the soil is exposed for about a week, and then the sowing is carried out after levelling the bed.

(vii) Nursery beds of any convenient length, but of 1.5 metre width and 15–20 cm raised are prepared.

(viii) In between two beds, a space of 30–40 cm is left for performing various operations.

5. How are annuals sown?

Ans: Seeds of the annuals are sown in nursery beds or in plug trays. However, annuals, which have bold seeds like sweet pea, nasturtium, lupin, etc., or seeds, which are difficult to transplant like linaria and eschscholzia, are sown directly. Seeds should be sown 2–3 cm apart in rows that are spaced 5–10 cm apart, which facilitates easy weeding, drenching, and removal of disease infected seedlings.

(i) The surface of the bed is levelled using a fork or wooden plank.

(ii) Straight lines are made across the bed at a spacing of 5 cm and 0.5–1.0 cm deep. Time of the seed emergence depends on the depth to which the seeds have been sown. If it is too shallow, the seeds come up and dry out early but if it is too deep, the emergence of seedling takes more time. Seeds are sown approximately at a depth of 2–3 times the diameter of the seed.

(iii) Small seeds are mixed with bulk material like ash or sand for an even distribution.

(iv) The seeds are then covered with a mixture of 0.5 cm of fine soil, sand, well rotten and sieved FYM in the ratio of 2:1:1.

(v) Spraying the seed covering mixture with 0.25% Captan protects the seedlings from damping off disease.

(vi) Mulching seedbeds by polyethylene sheet or paddy straw helps in the quick and uniform germination of seeds.

(vii) When seedlings initiate emerging, the mulch should immediately be removed carefully in the evening hours.

(viii) The beds require light irrigation from sowing up to transplanting by the means of a rose can daily by the evening.

6. Write the method of transplanting the seedlings of annuals.

Ans: Method of transplanting: 

(i) Transplanting should be done when the seedlings are about four weeks old or have formed about three to four true leaves.

(ii) The nursery bed is watered 24–48 hours before transplanting and then the water should be withheld to harden the seedlings.

(iii) Transplanting should be performed in the evening so that the plants may establish themselves in the night.

(iv) From the nursery, the seedlings should be lifted by digging them up gently and not being pulled up.

(v) Immediately after transplanting, the transplants are watered so that they do not have transplanting shock and recover fully.

(vi) Tall grown seedlings should not be transplanted as they are weak and may start flowering very early.

(vii) Transplanting is done on land which should be well prepared by ploughing and incorporating 5 kg well-rotten FYM along with 10 g each of N, P₂O₅, and K₂O per square metre.

(viii) Frequent sprinkling of water on the newly transplanted seedling may cause wilting.

(ix) The soil near the root zone should be pressed properly after transplanting.

(x) Depth of transplanting should accommodate the complete root system.

7. What are the general rules for irrigating the annuals?

Ans: General rules for irrigation:

(i) Irrigation should be done before the water stress symptoms occur.

(ii) Irrigation should be done under cooler conditions.

(iii) Water should be applied on the soil surface and not on the plants. This helps to reduce the risk of many diseases.

(iv) Water must be given according to the seasonal requirement of the plant.

8. Discuss the classification of annuals.

Ans: Based on Season:

(i) Winter season annuals: These are grown in the winter season, and can withstand low temperature and low humidity. The seeds of these annuals are sown in September and transplanted in October, for example Amberboa moschata (Sweet sultan), Antirrhinum majus (Snapdragon), Consolida ajacis (Larkspur), Iberis amara (Candytuft), Petunia hybrida, Phlox drummondii, Tropaeolum majus (Nasturtium), Verbena hybrida, Viola wittrockiana (Pansy), etc.

(ii) Summer season annuals: These annual plants are grown in the summer season. These can tolerate high temperature and dry weather to produce flowers. The seeds are sown in the end of February or beginning of March, and seedlings are transplanted after 25–30 days. These are Bassia scoparia (Kochia), Cosmos bipinnatus (Cosmos), Gaillardia pulchella (Blanket flower), Gomphrena globosa (Globe amaranth), Helianthus annuus (Sunflower), Portulaca grandiflora (Moss rose/purslane), Tithonia rotundifolia (Mexican sunflower), Zinnia elegans, etc.

9. Write about the harvesting and post-harvest handling of annuals.

Ans: Harvesting:

(i) Though annuals are grown in gardens or pots for instant display, they are also grown for plucking flowers or for cutting for sale.

(ii) Harvesting is normally done by hand using shears or a sharp knife.

(iii) In general, the flowers are cut either late in the afternoon or very early in the morning.

(iv) Flowers should always be harvested at the right maturity stage.

(v) Prematurely harvested flowers will never come to a full bloom.

(vi) Most of the flowers are harvested when they are fully open, for sale in the local markets.

Post-harvest Handling:

(i) Immediately after harvesting, flowers should be kept in a bucket having demineralised water up to one-fourth the volume of the bucket, as it helps in their recovery from the shock inflicted through cutting from the parent plant.

(ii) Flowers are placed as quickly as possible in the post-harvest treatment solutions like aluminium sulphate and a special wetting agent.

(iii) For most flowers, the time between cutting and placing in the solution should be no longer than half an hour.

(iv) As most flowers are susceptible to Botrytis infection, great care has to be taken to prevent its infection.

(v) By using clean buckets, clean water, and the right post-harvest treatment, the chance of infection can be minimised.

10. Give any two examples of annuals suitable for planting on or as:

(a) Hanging basket.

Ans: Impatiens, Petunia.

(b) Edge plants.

Ans: Dwarf Ageratum, Alyssum.

(c) Pot plants. 

Ans: Antirrhinum, Carnation.

(d) Cut flowers.

Ans: Antirrhinum, Calendula. 

D. Match the Columns:

A	B
1. Fragrant flowers	(a) Cineraria, Salvia
2. Bedding plants	(b) Antirrhinum, Carnation
3. Dry flowers	(c) Acroclinum, Helichrysum
4. Pot plants	(d) Balsam, Ice Plant
5. For shady situation	(e) Carnation, Stock

Ans:

A	B
1. Fragrant flowers	(e) Carnation, Stock
2. Bedding plants	(d) Balsam, Ice Plant
3. Dry flowers	(c) Acroclinum, Helichrysum
4. Pot plants	(b) Antirrhinum, Carnation
5. For shady situation	(a) Cineraria, Salvia