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Class 11 Sociology Chapter 5 Doing Sociology: Methods And Techniques
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Doing Sociology: Methods And Techniques
Chapter: 5
SOCIOLOGY
TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER
Q. no 1. Write the name of one exponent of the comparative method of study.
Ans : Email Durkheim.
Q. no 2. Which method of study of sociology is considered as most scientific one.
Ans : Empirical Method .
Q. no 3. Mention two methods of study of sociology.
Ans : (i) Comparative methods.
(ii) Historical method.
Q. no 4. What is social survey ?
Ans : A survey is a form of planned collection of data.
Q. no 5. Mention one aim of social research.
Ans : (i) Acquire adequate knowledge.
Q. no 6. “Data collection is one of the basic step of social research “. Write ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
Ans : Yes.
Q. no 7. Who was the author of the book ” Street corner society “.
Ans : William Foote white .
Q. no 8. What is census?
Ans : Census is a survey method which covers every single member of a population.
Q. no 9. What is meant by reflexivity ?
Ans : Reflexivity means ability of the researcher to observe and analyze himself.
Q. no 10. What is Social fact?
Ans : Social fact refers to the social events and process.
(b) Short and Long Answers :
Q. no 1. Mention two aims of social research.
Ans : (i) Acquire adequate knowledge.
(ii) Find out means to solve problems.
Q. no 2. Mention two types of social research.
Ans : (i) Fundamental social research.
(ii) Applied social research.
Q. no 3. Mention three basic steps of social research.
Ans : (i) Selection of research topic.
(ii) Formulation of hypothesis.
(iii) Collection of data.
Q. no 4. What is empirical method of study?
Ans : Empirical method of study is one of the best scientific method. Empirical method aims to study society by scientific observation of social facts and relationships. In empirical method of study results can be proved by experiment. Empirical method is objective in nature.
Q. no 5. What is social research ?
Ans : Social research is the scientific method of discovering new truths and facts about society. It is a systematic method of discovering new facts, inter – relationships between various social phenomenon, their causal explanations etc.
Q. no 6. Mention two types of social survey.
Ans : (i) Census and sample survey.
(ii) Official survey and unofficial survey.
Q. no 7. Mention four research methods commonly used in sociology ?
Ans : (i) Observation.
(ii) Interview.
(iii) Social survey.
(iv) Questionnaire.
Q. no 8. Write a note on comparative method.
Ans : Comparative method is widely used in sociology. The most important example of the comparative method is found in Durkheim’s “The rules of sociological methods “. Various social institutions are interconnected and interrelated with close interaction. Some are causes and some are effects. To determine which is cause and which is effect a comparative study of various social institution is needed.
Q. no 9. Write two methods of study of sociology.
Ans : (i) Comparative method.
(ii) Historical method.
Q. no 10. Mention three basic steps of social research.
Ans : (i) Selection of research topic.
(ii) Formulation of hypothesis.
(iii) Collection of data.
Q. no 11. What is social survey ? What are its characteristics?
Ans : A survey is a form of a planned collection of data for the purpose of description and analysis of the relationships between certain variables. A social survey is a systematic method of collection of facts about people living in a specific geographic, cultural or administrative area. It is a technique of collecting qualitative data about the social aspect of the community.
Characteristics of the social survey:-
(i) Social survey is concerned with some issues or problems of social importance.
(ii) Social survey is a systematic method of collection of data or facts about people.
(iii) Social survey is based on direct observation and interviews.
(iv) Social survey is quantitative in nature.
(v) Direct contact or face to face of relation with the respondent is another characteristic of social survey.
Q. no 12. Mention four characteristics of social research.
Ans : Four characteristics of social research are –
(i) Social research is concerned with social issues or problems.
(ii) Social research studies human behaviour in the society.
(iii) Social research aims at discovering new knowledge , facts and inter – relations
(iv) Social research is scientific and systematic method of investigating social problems.
Q. no 13. Write four objectives or purposes of social research.
Ans : (i) Social research tries to discover new knowledge about social life and institutions .
(ii) Social research tries to understand human behaviour and its interaction with the social institutions.
(iii) Social research aims to understand and analyse social phenomena.
(iv) Social research aims to verify and correct existing knowledge.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| Unit 1 | PART-1 |
| Chapter 1 | Sociology And Society |
| Chapter 2 | Terms, Concepts And Their Use In Sociology |
| Chapter 3 | Understanding Social Institutions |
| Chapter 4 | Culture And Socialisation |
| Chapter 5 | Doing Sociology: Methods And Techniques |
| Unit 2 | PART-2 |
| Chapter 6 | Social Structure, Stratification and Social Processes in Society |
| Chapter 7 | Social Change and Social Order in Rural and Urban Society |
| Chapter 8 | Environment And Society |
| Chapter 9 | Introducing Western Social Thinkers |
| Chapter 10 | Indian Sociologists |
Q. no 14. What is the importance of social research.
Ans : Social research is very useful because it gives us new knowledge about social phenomena. It provides required data and facts about social issues and problems. It helps to modify, verify and confirm existing theories and discover new theories .
Q. no 15. What is social fact.
Ans : Social facts refers to the social events and process. It refers to information regarding social institutions, social interactions and social happenings.
Q. no 16. Mention four difference between social survey and social research.
Ans : (i) Social research is broad based. It can cover general social problems. On the other hand social survey is limited to a fixed geographic area.
(ii) In social research formulation of hypothesis is essential. On the other hand is social survey , hypothesis is not required.
(iii) Social research is scientific way of investigation. On the other hand social survey method is utilitarian in nature.
(iv) Social research is theoretical but social survey is practical.
Q. no 17. Write the importance or merit of social survey.
Ans : Social survey is useful method in studying social issues and problems. It has the following merits.
(i) It provides detailed accounts of the social and economic facts .
(ii) It creates social awareness about various social problems.
(iii) It helps in the collection of adequate information on a practical social problem.
(iv) It helps in the formulation of proper planning for the solution of certain social problems.
Q. no 18. What is interview? Mention main features of interview.
Ans: Interview refers to guided conversation between the researcher and the respondent. It is direct and formal conversation between the researcher and the respondent, with a specific objective.
Characteristics or features of interview –
(i) Interview is a guided conversation between the interviewer and the respondent.
(ii) Interview is direct and formal conversation with a specific objective.
(iii) Interview is taken is open and independent atmosphere.
(iv) Different techniques are adopted in interview.
(v) Interview is a flexible method of data collection.
Q. no 19. What are some reasons for ‘objectivity ‘ being more complicated in social sciences, particularly disciplines like sociology.
Ans : In the social science discipline, objectivity is difficult to achieve. Social science primarily deals with human beings and human behaviour. Human behaviour and opinion are not always guided by reason and neutrality. Human behaviour is controlled by biasness, values and preferences. Social relations are in influenced by religion, culture, values sentiment, etc.
Sociology studies about social relations and social life of individuals and groups in human society. The sociologist are also human being. Therefore, there is possibility of influence by values, personal likes, dislikes and the social attitude and context. Moreover, there is many opinions regarding the truth in the social world. Social issues are complex and there exists multiple points of view. These are some reasons for objectivity being more complicated in social science , particularly disciplines like sociology.
Q. no 20. What is meant by ‘reflexivity ‘ and why is it important in sociology ?
Ans : Reflexivity means ability of the researcher to observe and analyse himself . No prejudices should control the researcher while doing research.
Reflexivity is important in sociology because the sociologist has to be careful in documenting the observed facts. The sociologist has to be free from biasness, values and personnel choices . Reflexivity helps the researcher to be unbiased, neutral and scientific in his outlook.
Q. no 21. What is participant observation. What are the strengths and weaknesses of participant observation as a method.
Ans : Participant observation is a method of collecting information about people in a specific area. In participant observation the researcher live with the group of people, to whom he is studying, as a member of the group not as a stranger or outsider.
The strengths of participant observation :- (i) In participant observation, the researcher comes very close to the groups of people which he is studying. It has become easier for the researcher to observe them closely and minutely.
(ii) Participant observation can provide rich and detailed information about the life of the people which the researcher is a studying.
Weaknesses of participant observation :- (i) The scope of participant observation is very limited . It can be carried out in a very small group of population.
(ii) In participant observation the objectivity of the researcher may be hampered . The researcher her may be hampered. The researcher may think himself as a member of the group.
Q. no 22. What are the basic elements of survey method ? What is chief advantage of the method ?
Ans : Following are the basic elements of survey method-
(i) Plan and design questions.
(ii) Investigator, and researcher.
(iii) Respondents.
The chief advantage of this method is that it enables to study large populations with limited investment of time, effort and money.
Q. no 23. State some of the weaknesses of the survey method.
Ans : (i) Survey method is not able to get in depth information from respondents.
(ii) Survey method can be carried only in a limited area and limited population. It cannot cover the whole area or whole population.
(iii) Uniformity and reliability of the information collected by survey method is very much limited.
Q. no 24. What is subjectivity and objectivity ?
Ans : Subjectivity refers biasness and value loaded. It is based on individual values and choices. It gives stress on personal liking and disliking. Prejudices are the part of subjectivity.
Objectivity refers to unbiasness and scientific out look. It gives stress on reason facts and neutrality. It is free form values and prejudices.
Q. no 25. Mention two main principle on which sample selection process depends.
Ans : (i) All the relevant sub -groups in the population should be recognized and represented in the sample.
(ii) The actual population, group, village or household should be based on purely on chance.
Q. no 26. What do you mean by observation?
Ans : Observation is an important and basic technique of collecting data and is used as a primary research tool. It is a study of a individual in any kind of situation and is adaptable to both children and adults, to individuals and groups. Observation can be direct, indirect, scheduled and unscheduled, participant and non – participant. But the main defect of his method is that it is concerned with the external behaviour of the subject and does not provide reliable information regarding the internal mental processes. Subjective interpretation of the individuals behaviour may also happen.
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