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Class 11 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Rocks
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 11 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Rocks Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…
Minerals and Rocks
Chapter: 5
PART-1
GEOGRAPHY
TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER
(a) Multiple choice questions.
Q.1. Which one of the following are the two main constituents of granite?
(i) Iron and nickel
(ii) Iron and silver
(iii) Silica and aluminium
(iv) Iron oxide and potassium
Ans: (iii) Silica and aluminium
Q.2. Which one of the following is the salient feature of metamorphic rocks?
(i) Changeable
(ii) Quite
(iii) Crystalline
(iv) Foliation
Ans: (i) Changeable
Q.3. Which one of the following is not a single element mineral?
(i) Gold
(ii) Silver
(iii) Mica
(iv) Graphite
Ans: (iii) Mica
Q.4. Which one of the following is the hardest mineral?
(i) Topaz
(ii) Diamond
(iii) Quartz
(iv) Feldspar
Ans: (ii) Diamond
Q.5. Which one of the following is not a sedimentary rock?
(i) Tillite
(ii) Borax
(iii) Breccia
(iv) Marble
Ans: (iv) Marble
(b) Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Q.1. What do you mean by rocks? Name the three major classes of rocks.
Ans: Rocks are the aggregate of one or more minerals, found in earth’s crust or in other parts of the earth.
Three major classes of rocks are:
(i) Igneous rocks.
(ii) sedimentary rocks.
(iii) Metamorphic rocks.
Q.2. What is an igneous rock? Describe the method of formation and characteristics of igneous rocks.
Ans: Igneous rocks are those rocks which are formed by cooling molten lava or magma.The igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies. The process of cooling and solidification can happen in the earth’s crust on the surface of the earth.
Characteristics:
(a) Igneous rocks are very hard.
(b) They are crystalline.
(c) They are not layered.
(d) They do not possess fossils.
Q.3. What is meant by sedimentary rock? Describe the mode of formation of sedimentary rock.
Ans: The rock which are found is layered formed and formed from sediments are referred as sedimentary rocks.Mode of formation: The exposed rocks of the earth’s surface when denuded they become loose and broken up into various sizes of fragments. Such fragments are transported by various exogenous agencies and deposited.bThese deposits through compaction turn into rocks, which are named as sedimentary rocks.
Q.4. What relationship explains the rock cycle between the major type of rock?
Ans: The change of one rock into another type of rock is known as rock cycle. In other words do to remain in their original forms for long but may undergo transformation. Rock cycle is a continuous process through which old rocks are transformed into new ones.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| Chapter 1 | Geography As A Discipline |
| Chapter 2 | The Origin and Evolution of the Earth |
| Chapter 3 | Interior of the Earth |
| Chapter 4 | Distribution of Oceans And Continents |
| Chapter 5 | Minerals and Rocks |
| Chapter 6 | Geomorphic Processes |
| Chapter 7 | Landforms and Their Evolution |
| Chapter 8 | Composition and Structure of Atmosphere |
| Chapter 9 | Solar Radiation, Heat balance, and Temperature |
| Chapter 10 | Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems |
| Chapter 11 | Water in the Atmosphere |
| Chapter 12 | World Climate and Climate Change |
| Chapter 13 | Water (Oceans) |
| Chapter 14 | Movements of Ocean Water |
| Chapter 15 | Life on the Earth |
| Chapter 16 | Biodiversity And Conservation |
| Chapter 17 | Indian Location |
| Chapter 18 | Structure and Physiography |
| Chapter 19 | Drainage System |
| Chapter 20 | Climate |
| Chapter 21 | Natural Vegetation |
| Chapter 22 | Soils |
| Chapter 23 | Natural Hazards and Disasters |
(c) Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
Q.1. Define the term mineral and name the major classes of minerals with their physical characteristics.
Ans: Mineral is a naturally occurring organic and inorganic substance, having an orderly atomic structure and a definite chemical composition and physical properties. Minerals may be composed of two or more elements. But sometimes single element minerals are also found (examples, gold, silver, copper etc.)
The major classes of minerals and their characteristics are as follows:
(a) Feldspar: It is the dominant mineral in the earth’s crust. About 50 percent of the earth’s crust is composed of feldspar.It has light cream to salmon pink colour.
(b) Quartz: Quartz one of the most important components of sand and granite. It consists of silica.
Quartz is a hard mineral virtually insoluble in water.
It is white or colourless.
(c) Pyroxene: It consists of calcium, aluminium, magnesium, iron and silica, Pyroxene forms about 10 percent of the earth’s crust. It is in green or black colour.
(d) Amphibole: Aluminium, calcium silica, iron, magnesium etc. are the major elements of amphiboles. They form 7 percent of the earth crust Amphibole is in green or black colour.
(e) Mica: Mica comprises potassium, aluminium, magnesium, iron, silica. It forms 4% of the earth’s crust. It is commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(f) Olivine: The major elements of olivine are magnesium, iron and silica. It is usually a greenish crystal.
Q.2. Describe the nature and mode of origin of the major types of rock at the earth’s crust. How will you distinguish them?
Ans: The major types of rock at the earth’s crust are:
(a) The Igneous rocks
(b) The sedimentary rocks
(c) The metamorphic rocks.
The nature and mode of origin of each of them are discuss below:
(a) The Igneous rocks: The igneous rocks form out of magma and lava from the interior of the earth. They are formed when magma cools and solidifies.
The process of cooling and solidifying can happen in the earth’s crust or on the surface of the earth. Igneous rocks are very hard in nature.
(b) The sedimentary rocks: Sediment means settling. The various rocks of the earth’s surface when denuded they broke into various exogenous agencies and deposited. These deposits through compaction turn into rocks. And thus sedimentary rocks are formed.
(d) The metamorphic rocks: The word metamorphic means ‘changes of form’. These rocks form under the actions of pressure volume and temperature by which already consolidated rocks undergo recrystallization and reorganization of materials within original rocks. In nature metamorphic rocks are crystalline.
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