Class 11 English Chapter 4 Landscape of the soul

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Class 11 English Chapter 4 Landscape of the soul

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Also, you can read the SCERT Class 11 English Chapter 4 Landscape of the soul All Be Together” book Notes online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per AHSEC (SCERT) Book guidelines. Class 11 English Chapter 4 Landscape of the soul Notes are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board Class 11 English Chapter 4 Landscape of the soul Solutions for All Subjects, You can practice these here.

Landscape of the soul

Chapter: 4

HORNBILL

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

1. (i) Contrast the Chinese view of art with the European view with examples. 

Ans: Chinese paintings take an imaginative, inner, or spiritual approach, whereas European paintings depict an actual view of an external or physical thing.

For example, in Chinese art, there is a famous tale about the painter Wu Daozi, who lived in the eighth century. His last painting was a landscape commissioned by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong to decorate a palace wall. When the Emperor looked at the painting, Wu Daozi clapped his hands, and the painting’s door opened. He entered the painting and disappeared forever, symbolizing the Chinese belief that a painting is not just a physical representation but a pathway to the artist’s inner world.

In contrast, European paintings focus on creating a realistic and three-dimensional representation of the world. For example, during the Renaissance period, artists like Leonardo da Vinci used techniques like linear perspective and light and shadow to create depth, making the painting appear as close to reality as possible.

(ii) Explain the concept of shanshui. 

Ans: The ‘conceptual space’ depicted in the Chinese landscape is expressed as ‘shanshui’, which means ‘mountain-water’. When these two words are used together, they represent the word ‘landscape Mountain’ and water are not opposites but complement each other. In the view of Daoism, the mountain is Yang, vertically reaching towards Heaven, warm and dry in the sun. Water is Yin, fluid, moist and cool. It is horizontal and rests on the Earth. Yang is masculine, while Yin is the feminine aspect of Daoism. There is also a very important element in between the two which is called the Middle Void or the empty space in between where Yang and Yin interact. This concept of the three elements is shanshui.

2. (i) What do you understand by the terms ‘outsider art’ and ‘art brut’ or ‘raw art’? 

Ans: Outsider art is the art of those who have had no formal training and thus in a way ‘do not have right to be artists. Interest in this art category has remarkably grown in the contemporary world at an international level. These artists, though without formal training, show immense talent and artistic insight. Their paintings provide a stimulating contrast to mainstream art. ‘Art brut’ or ‘raw art’ are works that are in the unrefined state as regards artistic and cultural influence. Anything and everything, from a tin or a sink or a broken down car or any recycled matter can be used as material in this art form. A marvellous example of raw art is seen in the Rock Garden of Chandigarh created by the untutored genius, Nek Chand.

(ii) Who was the “untutored genius who created a paradise” and what is the nature of his contribution to art?

Ans: Nek Chand, an untutored genius from Chandigarh, created the Rock Garden, a unique example of raw art made from discarded materials like stones, broken crockery, and industrial waste.

His work represents ‘outsider art’, where untrained artists create masterpieces beyond traditional norms. The Rock Garden showcases his creativity and perseverance, proving that even waste can be transformed into art. Recognized globally, his work stands as “an outstanding testimony of the difference a single man can make when he lives his dream.”

Discuss the following statements in groups of four.

1. “The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered, but only the artist knows the way within.”

Ans: This sentence explains the fact that even though an Emperor might rule an entire kingdom and have power over his conquered territory, only an artist would be able to go beyond any material appearance. He knows both the path and the method of the mysterious work of the universe. True meaning of his work can be seen only by means known to him, irrespective of how powerful an emperor is.

2. “The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space.”

Ans: The sentence symbolises the Chinese art that Chinese artists wants his viewers to see the painting for every point so that they can understand the meaning of their painting not from the eyes but from their minds and can understand the inner life and spirit of that painting. It is a landscape created by the artist to travel up and down, and back again, through the viewer’s eyes. The landscape is not ‘real’ and can be reached from any point.

1. Find out the correlates of Yin and Yang in other cultures.

Ans: Students do it yourself.

2. What is the language spoken in Flanders? 

Ans: Dutch is spoken in Flanders.

I. The following common words are used in more than one sense.

Examine the following sets of sentences to find out what the words, ‘panel’ and ‘essence’ mean in different contexts.

1. (i) The masks from Bawa village in Mali look like long panels of decorated wood. 

Ans: Rectangular pieces of wood.

(ii) Judge H. Hobart Grooms told the jury panel that he had heard the reports. 

Ans: Members of the jury.

(iii) The panel is laying the groundwork for an international treaty.

Ans: Group of participants/specialists.

(iv) The glass panels of the window were broken. 

Ans: The glass panes of the window.

(v) Through the many round tables, workshops and panel discussions, a consensus was reached. 

Ans: Discussion carried out by a selected group of speakers before an audience.

(vi) The sink in the hinged panel above the bunk drains into the head.

Ans: The wooden frame that supports the sink.

2. (i) Their repetitive structure must have taught the people around the great composer the essence of music.

Ans: Most important quality.

(ii) Part of the answer is in the proposition; but the essence is in the meaning. 

Ans: True substance.

(iii) The implications of these schools of thought are of practical essence for the teacher. 

Ans: Practical importance.

(iv) They had added vanilla essence to the pudding.

Ans: Flavour or perfume.

II. Now find five sentences each for the rest of the words to show different senses in which each of them is used.

Ans: Studio:

(i) The photographer developed the photos at the studio in his institute. (Room used by artists or photographers for their work)

(ii) The renowned classical dancer conducted lessons in her studio. (Place where dancing or music lessons are given)

(ii) Chennai is renowned for its numerous film studios. (Place where motion pictures are made)

(iv) A local television studio was recently bombed by terrorists. (Place where television or radio programmes are produced)

(v) She recently got her studio apartment renovated. (A one room flat with bathroom and kitchen)

Material:

(i) His craving for material pleasures ultimately led him to bankruptcy. (Physical objects)

(ii) I need to collect some material for the lecture. (ideas, notes, information, etc.)

(iii) They imported the material for her trousseau. (Cloth or fabric)

(iv) He always aspired for material success. (Worldly comfort, wealth)

(v) The NGO donated writing materials to the village school. (Tool and articles for a specific use)

(vi) George was not really Olympic material. (was not suitable for)

Brush:

(i) The strokes of his brush can create magic on canvas. (Bristles used for painting)

(ii) Let us not brush aside his suggestions. (Dismiss from consideration)

(iii) The leader is trying to brush up the points for argument. (Refresh one’s memory)

(iv) He planned to settle down in the brush of Northern Highlands. (Sparsely settled, scrubby country)

(v) They were accused of a brush in the pub. (A short fight or quarrel)

● A classical Chinese landscape is not meant to reproduce an actual view, as would a Western figurative painting. 

● Whereas the European painter wants you to borrow his eyes and look at a particular landscape exactly as he saw it, from a specific angle, the Chinese painter does not choose a single viewpoint.

The above two examples are ways in which contrast may be expressed. Combine the following sets of ideas to show the contrast between them. 

1. (i) European art tries to achieve a perfect, illusionistic likeness.

(ii) Asian art tries to capture the essence of inner life and spirit.

Ans: While European art tries to achieve a perfect, illusionistic likeness, Asian art tries to capture the essence of inner life and spirit.

2. (i) The Emperor commissions a painting and appreciates its outer appearance.

(ii) The artist reveals to him the true meaning of his work. 

Ans: The Emperor commissions a painting and appreciates its outer appearance, but the artist reveals to him the true meaning of his work.

3. (i) The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered. 

(ii) The artist knows the way within.

Ans: The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered, but the artist knows the way within.

1. Find out about as many Indian schools of painting as you can. Write a short note on the distinctive features of each school. 

Ans: Students do it yourself.

2. Find out about experiments in recycling that help in environmental conservation.

Ans: Rocycling goes a long way in conserving the environment and stopping further destruction. Experiments in recycling include.

(a) Wasto water recycling.

(b) Recycling of plastic.

(c) Use of recycled paper.

(d) Reuse of shopping bags.

(e) Recycle kitchen garbage to produce vermicompost.

(f) Sewage treatment plant.

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