Class 11 Electronics Chapter 10 Hazards With Panel Assembly and Wiring

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Class 11 Electronics Chapter 10 Hazards With Panel Assembly and Wiring

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Hazards With Panel Assembly and Wiring

Chapter: 10

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

A. Multiple choice questions:

1. Which of the following is not a type of artificial  respiration? 

(a) Mouth-to-mouth. 

(b) Mouth-to-nose.

(c) Silverester’s method. 

(d) Clear breathing.

Ans: (d) Clear breathing.

2. Which of the following human organs is the most affected from an electric shock? 

(a) Nervous system. 

(b) Heart. 

(c) Kidney. 

(d) Stomach.

Ans: (b) Heart.

3. In case of an electric shock, an unconscious man must be given _____________ pressure for 10 to 12 times. 

(a) 20 to 25 pound. 

(b) 15 to 25 pound.

(c) 10 to 15 pound.

(d) 25 to 30 pound.

Ans: (a) 20 to 25 pound.

4. In case of an electric shock, an unconscious woman or child must be given ___________ pressure for 10 to 12 times per minute. 

(a) 20 to 25 pounds. 

(b) 15 to 20 pounds. 

(c) 10 to 15 pounds. 

(d) 5 to 10 pounds.

Ans: (c) 10 to 15 pounds. 

5. Which of the following is used to heal a burn injury in case of electrocution? 

(a) Burnol.

(b) Soframycin. 

(c) Both (a) and (b).

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b).

6. Which of the following is not a type of bleeding? 

(a) Minor bleeding. 

(b) Bleeding through the artery or main blood circulatory system. 

(c) Bleeding from the veins. 

(d) External bleeding. 

Ans: (d) External bleeding.

7. A first aid box must contain which of the following medicines? 

(a) Tincture iodine.  

(b) Potassium permanganate.

(c) Sol-violate spirit. 

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

8. What is/are the step(s) for using a fire extinguisher? 

(a) Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, which is, generally, present in its handle. 

(b) Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle. 

(c) Use the fire extinguisher by pressing the lever. 

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

9. When do we use a fire extinguisher? 

(a) In case of flood.  

(b) In case of electric shock.

(c) In case of fire. 

(d) In case of burn injury.

Ans: (c) In case of fire.

10. Which of the following is a safety gear that a wireman must not have while working? 

(a) Safety boots. 

(b) Gloves. 

(c) Helmet. 

(d) Belt. 

Ans: (d) Belt.

11. Which of the following is a poor conductor of electricity? 

(a) Aluminium. 

(b) Copper. 

(c) Wood. 

(d) Silver. 

Ans: (c) Wood.

12. Which of the following safety gear is used for protecting the eyes? 

(a) Gloves. 

(b) Helmet. 

(c) Rubber shoes. 

(d) Goggles. 

Ans: (d) Goggles.

13. Which of the following safety gear must be worn while tripping a circuit breaker? 

(a) Gloves. 

(b) Helmet.

(c) Rubber shoes.

(d) Goggles.

Ans: (a) Gloves.

14. Which of the following equipment have a discharge nozzle? 

(a) Control panel. 

(b) Fire extinguisher.

(c) MCB. 

(d) Switch. 

Ans: (b) Fire extinguisher.

15. Which of the following provides the least resistive path for an electric current? 

(a) Earthing.

(b) Resistance.

(c) Capacitor. 

(d) Inductor.

Ans: (a) Earthing.

B. Fill in the blanks:

1. While working on electricity, the technician must wear __________ gloves and shoes. 

Ans: Rubber.

2. Keep stretching the arms, legs, neck and back while working to ensure that they are not _________. 

Ans: Strained

3. Unconsciousness due to electric shock may cause damage to the __________. 

Ans: Heart.

4. An electrocuted person must be given adequate water mixed with ____________. 

Ans: Sodium bicarbonate.

5. If a burn injury is due to __________, it must be cleaned and washed with spirit. 

Ans: Carbolic acid.

6. In case of electric shock, an infant must be given a pressure of __________.

Ans: 10–15 times per minute.

7. Exhale from the mouth into the nose of a person needing artificial respiration slowly so that air enters the person’s _________. 

Ans: lungs.

8. One of the causes of electric shock may be due to faulty ____________ of electrical equipment. 

Ans: Grounding.

9. Defective or inadequate insulation may cause ___________. 

Ans: Electric shocks.

10. Faulty current can be transferred to the ground by ___________. 

Ans: Earthing.

11. While working on a control panel, make sure that power is _________. 

Ans: Off.

12. GFCI stands for Ground ___________ Circuit Interrupter. 

Ans: Fault.

13. Copper is a _________ conductor of electricity. 

Ans: Good.

14. Earthing is necessary in ____________ and __________ equipment. 

Ans: Electrical, electronic.

15. Do not touch the electrical panel with ________ hands.

Ans: Wet.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False: 

1. Fire extinguishers for use on electrical fires will have a C, BC or ABC on the label.

Ans: True.

2. Apply Burnol or Soframycin on the burnt body part of an electrocuted person and bandage it.

Ans: True.

3. In Silverster’s method, give 20 to 25 pound pressure for 10 to 12 times to a female.

Ans: False.

4. Artificial respiration is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Ans: True.

5. The body parts of an affected person must be kept straight and the person must be laid down on an uneven surface.

Ans: False.

6. Fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel, containing an agent, which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.

Ans: True.

7. Check the rating and physical condition of the components and cables.

Ans: True.

8.The aim of first aid treatment is to cool down the affected area rapidly to minimise damage and loss of body fluids.

Ans: True.

9. Rubber is a good conductor of electricity.

Ans: False.

10. Fire extinguisher is used in case of an earthquake.

Ans: False.

D. Short answer questions:

1. What are the factors that result in a hazard?

Ans: Factors that may lead to hazards are as follows:

(i) Exposure to high electromagnetic fields.

(ii) Electrical fires due to faulty and outdated wiring and use of faulty components.

(iii) Electric shock due to faulty grounding of electrical equipment.

(iii) Defective or inadequate insulation on electrical cables.

2. List the various preventive measures that need to be taken care of at a workplace to prevent electric shock.

Ans: The various preventive measures that need to be taken care of at a workplace to prevent electric shock are:

(i) Install breakers: Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) device is used to measure the imbalance occurring in an electric appliance.

(iii)  Avoid common mistakes: Avoid making common mistakes when trying to install electrical system or working on the electric system. Avoid touching a bare wire that may be carrying electric current or a wire with bare handle.

(iii) Inspect electrical devices at regular intervals and maintain them. Some signs that indicate a need for repair are: 

(a) sparking. 

(b) experiencing minor shocks. 

(c) frayed or damaged cords.

(d) heat from electrical outlets. 

(e) frequent short circuit. 

These are the few signs of wear and tear in an equipment or appliance. If something unusual is noticed, contact an electrician immediately.

(iv) Turn off the power: source Whenever a project involves exposure to electrical equipment or electricity, check whether the power is off before starting the work (as shown in Fig. 10.9). Again, there should be a main electric panel for the entire facility. Find out this panel and turn the switch off.

(v) Wear protective gear: Use rubber sole shoes and gloves. Also, put a rubber mat on the floor. Putting all these is an effective precaution  as rubber does not conduct electricity and will prevent a person from getting electric shock.

(vi) Exercise caution when operating power tools: Make sure that all tools have a three-pronged plug (as shown in Fig. 10.11) and look for signs of damage in the tools. Always turn off the switch of power tools before connecting them to the socket. Always keep the electric power tools away from water. Besides, when using an electric power tool, keep the work area free from flammable gases, vapour and solvents.

(vii) Double up: It is always wise to have a second person around to assist in the event of an accident.This person can double-check to ensure all necessary precautions are followed and provide immediate help in case of an electric shock.

(viii) Call a professional for major works: Working with electricity is dangerous and complicated. If a person is not confident, rope in an electrician to complete the job.

3. How will you protect yourself from electric shock in a lightning storm?

Ans: Preventing electric shock in lightning storm:

(i) Check the weather report: When working outside, make sure that the weather is clear. Also, check the weather forecast for ensuring safety. Even if you have afternoon work, the weather can change quickly, and the best precaution is preparedness. Check for the chances of a thunderstorm in an outdoor area where you plan to install the panel. You must change the plan accordingly and wait for the weather condition to become normal.

(ii) Watch out for signs of storm: Regularly monitor changes in temperature, increased wind speed, or darkening of the sky. If it looks like a storm is coming, cover the panel and stop the work immediately and look for shelter.

(iii) Do not touch a victim with bare hands: Shock victims, usually, do not hold electricity in their bodies for a very long time. However, always be cautious when touching the victim of electrocution as the person may still be carrying the current. Use a non-conductive material to touch the victim like rubber gloves, wooden sticks, etc.

(iv) Turn off the power supply: If possible, turn off the power supply. But, one must make sure that one is cautious and takes necessary precautions to avoid getting an electric shock. Move the victim away from near the power source with the help of a non-conductive material like a wooden stick 

4. List the various items that a first aid box must contain.

Ans: The following medicines or items must be kept in the first aid box:

(i) Dressing cotton.

(ii) Yellow or dressing pad for burn injuries.

(iii) Clean and sterilised cotton pads.

(iv) Tincture iodine.

(v) Potassium permanganate.

(vi) Adhesive plaster.

(vii) Eye drops.

(viii) Boric powder.

(ix) Tourniquet.

(x) Three – angle bandage (in case of broken bone).

(xi) Safety pins.

(xii) Soda-bi-carbon. 

(xiii) 2 or 3 wooden plaques.

(xiv) Aspirin tablets.

(xv) Bottle of antiseptic liquid.

 (xvi) Bottle of spirit.

(xvii) Scissor, knife, etc.

5. What is Sylverester’s method?

Ans: Lay down the electrocuted person in upward position. Loosen the clothes on the person’s chest and stomach. A pillow must be placed below the person’s shoulder in such a way that the neck and head of the affected person are in downward position. Then, pull out the victim’s tongue. The person administering the treatment must sit on the knees near the affected person. Keep the hands of the person below the elbow and pull the victim’s hands till they become parallel to the earth. This treatment must be given for 3 seconds. After that, bring both the hands of the person below the chest and press the chest lightly. This action must be done for 2 seconds. The procedure must be repeated 10 to 12 times per minute. In this system, since the head of the affected person remains in upward position, the effect of artificial respiration can be seen immediately.

Tips:

(i) For men, give 20 to 25 pounds of pressure for 10 to 12 times.

(ii) In case of women and children, the pressure should be 10 to 15 pounds for 10 to 12 times per minute.

(iii) For very young children or infants, a pressure of 10–15 pounds should be applied 15 times per minute.

(iv) This procedure should be continued until the affected person starts breathing.

6. What precautions are required to be taken during mouth-to-nose respiration?

Ans: Precautions During Mouth-to-Nose Respiration are:

(i) If mouth-to-nose respiration is done, air will travel slowly to the electrocuted person’s lungs. In case, the nose of the electrocuted person is very narrow, then the system of mouth-to-mouth should be preferred.

(ii) If it is observed that the throat of the person is very narrow or clogged, then it must be cleaned. 

(iii) In case, the teeth of the person are jammed, then use the mouth-to-nose method. 

(iv) If possible, keep a thin handkerchief on the mouth of the person for mouth-to-mouth procedure. 

(v) For infants or young children, blow air from your mouth. At least 20 times per minute respiration is required. 

(vi) In case the victim is in contact with an electric pole and artificial respiration has to be given, one  must first safeguard oneself from the live parts and also avoid coming in contact with the victim. One must stand carefully on the pole by using a safety belt so that one is able to place the mouth onto the mouth or nose of the electrocuted person.

7. How to perform artificial respiration?

Ans: Artificial respiration is given when a person’s respiration fails. These are some of the methods used for giving artificial respiration.

(i)  Mouth-to-mouth method: In this method, stand up near the head of the electrocuted person or sit on your knees. The person’s head must be kept in a downward position by pushing it with one hand, and with the other hand lift the person’s lower jaw. Take a deep breath and keep your open mouth onto the mouth of the electrocuted person. Close both the nostrils of the person with one hand and exhale. Observe whether the chest of the person expands or not.

Keep your mouth away and again inhale. Repeat the procedure as mentioned above. Try to repeat such artificial respiration for 10 to  12 times in a minute. If there is some difficulty  in doing so, try to push the person’s head and  again pull the lower jaw. If you again find it difficult to give this treatment, see whether the lips of the person are open and try to see if the teeth are jammed. If so, then use the mouth-to-nose method.

(ii) Mouth-to-nose method: In case giving mouth-to-mouth respiration is difficult, try the mouth-to-nose method. In this process, stand near the head of the person or sit on your knees. Push the victim’s head downwards and pull up the lower jaw. Then, take a deep breath. Put one hand on the forehead of the electrocuted person, and with the other hand, close the mouth of the person tightly and exhale through the mouth into the nose of the person slowly so that air enters the person’s lungs. See if the chest expands. The same procedure must be repeated 10 to 12 times in a minute.

When the person starts breathing on one’s own, give this breathing in a synchronous way and see if the chest expands. When the person comes to a comfortable position, allow the person some rest. Put the person on a stretcher and observe if there is any difficulty  in respiration. The person’s body must be wrapped in a blanket and kept warm. The person who fell unconscious due to electric shock may even get an immediate cardiac problem. Thus, every worker must know this method and try to get training in carrying out the procedure.

8. How will you reduce the risk associated with handling of heavy and hazardous loads?

Ans: The following points must be taken into account to reduce risks associated with handling of heavy and hazardous loads:

(i) Identify the hazard.

(ii) Assess the risk. 

(iii) Select appropriate measures to control or reduce the risk.

Common injuries that can be caused due to lifting heavy loads include backache, neck strain, wrist sprain, back sprain, shoulder pain, and so on. Similarly, some common injuries associated with handling of hazardous material include dermatitis, occupational respiratory and lung ailments, and so on. Therefore, it is mandatory to follow the standard safety procedures while handling equipment, hazardous material or tools.

The following measures are some of the key points that must be taken care of while handling hazardous material:

(i) Use machines to lift or carry hazardous material.

(ii) Use personal protective equipment, such as boots, gloves, helmets, goggles, and so on.

(iii) Work in a team while handling heavy loads.

9. Write the names of different methods of artificial respiration.

Ans: The different Methods of Artificial Respiration are:

(i) Mouth-to-mouth method.

(ii) Mouth-to-nose method.

(iii) Holger Nelson method.

(iv) Schaefer’s method.

(v) Sylverester’s method.

10. List the first aid treatment that needs to be given in case of a burn injury.

Ans: First Aid Treatment for Burn Injury:

(i) Cool the Burn: The first aid treatment for severe burns is to cool the affected area rapidly with cold water, placing cold wet towels on the area, or applying cooling lotions to reduce the burning sensation, prevent loss of body fluids, and other damages.

(ii) Clothing on Fire: If the person’s clothing catches fire, immediately bring the victim to the ground and use a blanket, rug, or coat to douse the flames.

(iii) Immerse in Cool Water: Immerse the burnt part of the person’s body in cool water or cover it with cold wet towels for at least 10 minutes.

(iv) Acid Burns: If the burn injuries are due to acid action, the wound must be washed and cleaned with baking soda water.

(v) Carbolic Acid Burns: If the burn injury is caused by carbolic acid, it must be cleaned and washed with spirit.

Tips:

(i) Do not apply any ointment on the burns unless recommended by a doctor.

(ii) Do not touch the burns or burst the blisters.

(iii) Do not put ice on the burnt part.

(iv) Do not apply iodine on such wounds.

11. Write down the steps for correct way of operating a fire extinguisher in case of a fire emergency.

Ans: Steps for Correct Way of Operating a Fire Extinguisher:

(i) Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, which is, generally, present in its handle.

(ii) Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle.

(iii) Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever