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NIOS Class 12 Psychology Chapter 26 Developmental Patterns in Early Childhood
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Developmental Patterns in Early Childhood
Chapter: 26
PSYCHOLOGY
Intext Questions & Answers
Q.1 Match the following:
| I | II |
| (i) newborn | (a) increase in height |
| (ii) adolescence | (b) 2-6 years |
| (iii) early adulthood | (c) 18/ 19 years – 40 years |
| (iv) early childhood | (d) making friends |
| (v) cognitive process | (e) Birth-1 Month |
| (vi) social process | (f) watching and swinging mobile |
| (vii) biological process | (g) 11 – 12 years to 18-19 years |
Ans.
| I | II |
| (i) newborn | (e) Birth – 1 Month |
| (ii) adolescence | (g) 11 – 12 years to 18 – 19 years |
| (iii) early adulthood | (c) 18/ 19 years – 40 years |
| (iv) early childhood | (b) 2 – 6 years |
| (v) cognitive process | (f) watching and swinging mobile |
| (vi) social process | (d) making friends |
| (vii) biological process | (a) increase in height |
Q.2 State whether the following statements are True or False:
(1) Development always proceeds at the same rate. True/False
Ans. False.
(2) Development is affected only by the environment. True/False
Ans. False.
(3) Growth and development mean the same thing. True/False.
Ans. False.
(4) Development usually follows the same sequence. True/False
Ans. True.
(5) Health of a pregnant woman will affect the development of her child. True/False
Ans. True.
(6) Marital discord can affect the development of the child. True/False
Ans. True.
(7) The more the child is allowed to explore the environment, the slower the development. True/False
Ans. False.
(8) Our learning potential is decided by our heredity. True/False
Ans. True.
Q.3 State under which area of development each occurs:
1. Cooperative play.
2. Guilt.
3. Object permanence.
4. Learning sex roles.
5. Fear of darkness.
6. Imaginary friends.
7. Jumping and hopping.
8. cutting and pasting.
Ans. 1. Social development.
2. Emotional development.
3. Cognitive development.
4. Social development.
5. Emotional development.
6. Social development.
7. Physical development.
8. Physical development.
Terminal Exercises
(1) List the principles of growth and development.
Ans. Development, which essentially means change is the result of the complex interactions between many processes – biological, social and cognitive.
1. Biological processes:
The changes in appearances are natural. These processes involve physical changes. Our genetic heritage, growth of body organs, acquisition of motor skills, like cycling, driving, writing etc.; hormonal changes such as moustache, gaining weight at puberty; all reflect the role of biological processes in development.
2. Cognitive processes:
These processes involve changes in thinking, intelligence and language of the child. Perception, attention, forgetting, knowing, understanding, problem solving, reasoning, memorising, imagining, all reflect cognitive processes.
3. Social processes:
These processes involve the changes in the child’s relationship with other people, emotions and personality. These are also termed as Psycho-social processes of behavior. The first smile of an infant, the development of attachment between the mother and child, children learning to share, to assert, to take turns, to play with others; all reflect social processes. Love, affection, liking-disliking, bellow-fitting all are social processes. Try it yourself: List 10 examples of cognitive, social and biological processes in children.
