NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 11 Company School

NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 11 Company School Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 11 Company School and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 11 Company School Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Painting Notes Paper 332.

NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 11 Company School

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Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 11 Company School, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Painting Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Company School

Chapter: 11

PAINTING

This was the time when the art of the Mughals and Rajput miniatures had become exhausted. Indian artists were recruited by the East India Company for drawing blue prints for railway projects, and natural history surveys or feelancing for British civilians who wanted to take home sovenirs.

Apart from the merchants and officials of these companies, various other European travellers, adventurers made their way to India. The British soon found that the Indian subjects could be depicted far more accurately by Indian artists, to whom these subjects were familiar than by themselves and hired Indian artists to paint for them. The direct influence of Europeans produced a new style of water colour painting including western perspective and shading.

Many painter from Murshirabad migrated to Patna (now the capital of Bihar) around 1760. By the end of the century, this city became the headquarters of one of eleven areas of art centres into which the British East India Company divided Bengal. This is known as the Company school of painting from the fact that its patrons belonged to the East India Company. This style is also known as Patna school.

Inspired by the trends, artist families in places such as Tanjore, Truchipalli, Delhi Mushirabad, Patna, Calcutta, Banaras and Lucknow, all produced paintings of subjects of local interest in distinctive local styles, they began to work in water color rather than gouache; they often modified their color range and preferred more muted color of the European engravings. Both subject-matter and style were influenced by the English watercolors and prints which the artists saw around them in increasing numbers.

The portraits produced at the end of the eighteenth century show sharp features and the use of very thick lines to define the eyes. Other miniatures show small, squat figures, whose faces are modeled with brown wash instead of the earlier stipple.

A group of kashmiri artisans (Pic.30) 

During this period many paintings done but very few examples are available, were sometimes their artists are not known. One painting “A group of Kashmiri Artisans” has a mention.

This painting is done on paper with water colour. A group consisting of eight men, two women and three children are painted in the painting. The men in the painting are engrossed in embroidering colourful shawls. The women are admiring the craftsmanship of their men. The whole group is sitting on a carpet in a house which has a wooden roof. An old man is enjoying his kukka. The roof and floor is leading to well defined perspective. The colors used are sober deep sepia ochre and red, and contrast strongly with the white clothes of the figure. The figure have pointed noses, heavy eyebrows, deep-seated staring eyes and thin faces. Very little shading was used and modeling with stippling is frequent.

The Bird (Pic. 31)

The technique of painting, where the picture was painted with a brush without a pencil drawing, was known as Kajli (kali) syahi, syah kalam or black ink. This untitled painting is done in black ink on paper. The unknown artist has managed to catch the sense of the surprised bird. The wing feathers are minutely depicted, like ornamental looped curtains. Earlier picture were drawn on paper produced locally or imported from Nepal, but later, European machine-made paper was used.

Intext Questions 11.1 

Choose the right answer:

1. Medium of this painting is 

(a) Tempera.

(b) Oil colors.

(c) Water color.

Ans: (c) Water color.

2. Indian artists are inspired by 

(a) Rajput miniature.

(b) Mughal.

(c) Western art. 

Ans: (c) Western art.

3. The painter of this painting used

(a) Stippling.

(b) Line shading.

(c) Flat colour.

Ans: (a) Stippling.

Intext Questions 11.2

Fill in the blanks:

1. The technique of the painting is __________.

Ans: Kajli syahi.

2. The picture is drawn on the paper imported from __________.

Ans: Nepal.

3. This painting is done in __________ Style.

Ans: Company.

Model Questions

1. Why company school is also known as Patna school?

Ans: Many painter from Murshirabad migrated to Patna (now the capital of Bihar) around 1760. By the end of the century, this city became the headquarters to one of eleven areas of art centres into which the British East India Company divided Bengal. This is known as the Company school of painting from the fact that its patrons belonged to the East India Company. This style is also known as Patna school.

2. Why Indian artists were hired by the Europeans?

Ans: Apart from the merchants and officials of these companies, various other European travelers, adventurers made their way to India. The British soon found that the Indian subjects could be depicted far more accurately by Indian artists, to whom these subjects were familiar than by themselves and hired Indian artists to paint for them. The direct influence of Europeans produced a new style of watercolor painting including western perspective and shading.

3. Describe the subjects of Company School painting.

Ans: This was the time when the art of the Mughals and Rajput miniatures had become. exhausted. Indian artists were recruited by the East Indian Company for drawing blue prints. for railway projects, and natural history surveys or feelancing for British civilians who wanted to take home sovenirs.

4. Describe the characteristics of Company School paintings.

Ans: The term ‘Company painting’ has come to be used by art historians for a special type of Indian painting which was produced for Europeans and was heavily influenced by European taste. Although many different. Company styles developed in different parts of India, the term covers a single phenomennon: an attempt by Indian artists to work in a mixed Indo-European style which would appeal to the Europeans who were employed by the various East India companies; hence the name.

Both subject-matter and style were influenced by the English water colours and prints which the artists saw around them in increasing numbers.

The portraits produced at the end of the eighteenth century show sharp features and the use of very thick lines to define the eyes. Other miniatures show small, squat figures, whose faces are modelled with brown wash instead of the earlier stipple.

Short Type Questions Answer 

1. Describe the Company school of painting. 

Ans: The term ‘Company painting’ has come to be used by art historians for a special type of Indian painting which was produced for Europeans and was heavily influenced by European taste. Although many different Company styles developed in different parts of India, the term covers a single phenomenon: an attempt by Indian artists to work in a mixed Indo-European style which would appeal to the Europeans who were employed by the various East India companies; hence the name. 

This was the time when the art of the Mughals and Rajput miniatures had become exhausted. Indian artists were recruited by the East India Company for drawing blue prints for railway projects, and natural history surveys or freelancing for British civilians who wanted to take home souvenirs.

Apart from the merchants and officials of these companies, various other European travellers, adventurers made their way to India. The British soon found that the Indian subjects could be depicted far more accurately by Indian artists, to whom these subjects were familiar than by themselves and hired Indian artists to paint for them. The direct influence of Europeans produced a new style of water colour painting including western perspective and shading.

Many painter from Murshirabad migrated to Patna (now the capital of Bihar) around 1760. By the end of the century, this city became the headquarters of one of eleven areas of art centres into which the British East India Company divided Bengal. This is known as the Company School of painting from the fact that its patrons belonged to the East India Company. This style is also known as Patna school.

Inspired by the trends, artist families in places such as Tanjore, Truchipally, Delhi Murshirabad, Patna, Calcutta, Banaras and Lucknow, all produced paintings of subjects of local interest in distinctive local styles, they began to work in water colour rather than gouache; they often modified their colour range and preferred more muted colour of the European engravings. Both subject-matter and style were influenced by the English water colours and prints which the artists saw around them in increasing numbers. 

2. Describe the painting ‘A group of Kashmiri Artisans’.

Ans: During this company period many paintings were done but very few examples are available, sometimes their artists are not known. One painting “A group of Kashmiri Artisans” has a mention. This painting is done on paper with water colour. A group consisting of eight men, two women and three children are painted in the painting. The men in the painting are engrossed in embroidering colorful shawls. The women are admiring the craftsmanship of their men. The whole group is sitting on a carpet in a house which has a wooden roof. An old man is enjoying his kukka.

The roof and floor is leading to well defined perspective. The colors used are sober deep sepia ochre and red, and contrast strongly with the white clothes of the figure. The figure have pointed noses, heavy eyebrows, deep-seated staring eyes and thin faces. Very little Shadin was used and modeling with stippling int frequent.

3. Describe the painting ‘The Bird’. 

Ans: The technique of painting, where th picture was painted with a brush without a pencil drawing, was known as Kajli (kali) syah syah kalam or black ink. This untitled painting is done in black ink on paper. The unknown artist has managed to catch the sense of the surprised bird. The wing feathers are minutely depicted, like ornamental looped curtains. Earlier picture were drawn on paper produced locally or imported from Nepal, but later, European machine-made paper was used.

4. Trace the development of the Company school.

Ans: Britishers came to India in 16th century. Although other empires also started. trade in India, Britishers slowly established their rule in India. Due to British, rule, art and culture of the country was greatly effected. With mixing of Indian art and culture and company, art and culture, a new style developed, which, was called company school.

After decline of Rajput art and Mughal, a few artist made paintings for the company. These paintings included paintings on railway, planning, nature an something related to historical survey. Foreign tourists liked these painting and the demand of such types of paintings increased. Mostly watercolors were use in these paintings According to western style, the concept of perspective and shadow was used.

Though company style started from Mushirabad but some painters shifted to Patna and started their work there. So, the company school is also called ‘Patna school’. Inspired by Patna school many painters from Tanjore, Truchipalli, Delhi and Lucknow painted in Patna style. The main contribution of Patna school is in portrayal of face. In this portrayal the curve of the face are accentuated by thick lines. ‘Stippling Technique’ was used for the shades.