NIOS Class 12 Gender Studies Chapter 17 Gender And Labour Laws

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NIOS Class 12 Gender Studies Chapter 17 Gender And Labour Laws

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Gender And Labour Laws

Chapter: 17

MODULE – V: GENDER AND LAW

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1 

1. What was the status of women in ancient, medieval, and modern India? 

Ans: In ancient India, women enjoyed a respectable and equal status with men. In the medieval period, discrimination against women had set in. In modern India, the constitution has granted equality to all citizens, and no discrimination is allowed based on sex. Although some problems are there for women in practice, the scenario is changing, and gender equality is being felt.

2. Explain the need for Labour laws in India.

Ans: (a) To achieve the goal of equality for women workers.

(b) To promote the freedom of women.

(c) To ensure participatory equitable development.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2 

1. List the important constitutional provisions for the promotion of equality. 

Ans: (a) Article 14: “The state shall not deny to any person the equality before the law or equal protection of laws.”

(b) Article 15: guarantees right for the right against discrimination. 

(c) Article 16: guarantees the right to equal opportunities in public employment.

2. State the provisions made in the constitution of India to abolish exploitation.

Ans: Article 24: guarantees the right to the prohibition of employment of children in factories etc.

Article 39: ensures equal pay for equal work to both sexes.

Article 42: directs the State to make the provision for securing human conditions of work and maternity relief for women.

Article 45: provides the directive for early childhood care and education to children.

Article 51A: directs the State to provide free and compulsory education to chil dren aged 6 to 14 years.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.3 

1. Explain the need for bestowing a special status to women under labour laws. 

Ans: (i) Because of women’s unique physical and biological characteristics. 

(ii) For the safety, security, and health of the women.

2. Explain the main features of ‘The Maternity Benefit Act 1961’.

Ans: Features of the “Maternity Benefit Act 1961” 

(i) It provides for allowing maternity leave to women, different maternity ben efits, full wages for the period of maternity leave, a creche facility for the newborn etc.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.4 

1. Explain the benefits of ‘The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976’. 

Ans: Benefits of ‘The equal remuneration act 1976’:

(a) It ensured equal pay for equal work.

(b) It abolished discrimination in recruitment and service conditions.

2. Describe the main features of ‘The Minimum Wages Act 1948’. 

Ans: (i) It fixes the minimum wages for skilled and unskilled labour. 

(ii) Fixed minimum wages ensure the fulfillment of the needs of the workers. 

(iii) Minimum wages Act does not define what minimum wages are. Because of this, different wage fixing authorities follow different sets of principles in fixing or revising the minimum wages.

3. Highlight the main aims of the National policy for the empowerment of women in 2001.

Ans: (i) Work for the advancement, development and empowerment of women in all spheres of life.

(ii) Develop a more responsive judicial and legal systems which are sensitive to women’s needs.

(iii) Involve more women actively in decision making by ensuring women’s equal ity in power sharing.

(iv) Comprehensive empowerment of women (economic, social).

(v) Partnership with community-based organizations for wholesome impact. 

(vi) Implementation of international obligations for promoting gender equality.

4. Name the different types of wages.

Ans: (i) Subsistence wages.

(ii) Minimum wages.

(iii) Fair wages.

(iv) Living wages.

Terminal Exercises

1. Highlight the main aims of the National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, 2001.

Ans: The main aims of the National Policy for the Empowerment of Women in 2001 are listed as:

(i) Work for the advancement, development and empowerment of women in all spheres of life. 

(ii) Develop a more responsive judicial and legal systems which are sensitive to women’s needs. 

(iii) Involve more women actively in decision making by ensuring women’s equal-ity in power sharing. 

(iv) Comprehensive empowerment of women (economic, social). 

(v) Partnership with community-based organizations for wholesome impact. 

(vi) Implementation of international obligations for promoting gender equality.