NIOS Class 12 Gender Studies Chapter 13 Gender And Health – Reproductive, Mental And Emotional Well Being

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NIOS Class 12 Gender Studies Chapter 13 Gender And Health – Reproductive, Mental And Emotional Well Being

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Gender Studies Solutions, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Gender Studies Notes for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Gender And Health – Reproductive, Mental And Emotional Well Being

Chapter: 13

MODULE – IV: GENDER HEALTH AND NUTRITION

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.1

1. State the ages between which falls period of adolescence. 

Ans: World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescence as ages between 10 years.

2. Mention two characteristic visible features that distinguish adolescent boys from adolescent girls. 

Ans: Physical differences such as facial hair in adolescent boys and development of breasts in girls are distinguishing features between adolescent boys and girls.

3. Why should there be no gender discrimination during adolescence? Give two reasons.

Ans: Gender discrimination puts the girls at a disadvantage and may hinder their physical and mental development. Gender stereotypes also adversely impact the self-esteem of adolescents.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.2 

1. Name the two factors necessary for good health during adolescence. 

Ans: Proper and adequate nutrition along with physical exercise are the two factors necessary for good health during adolescence.

2. Why is teenage pregnancy not good? 

Ans: Teenagers are not mentally or psychologically mature enough to shoulder the responsibilities of parenthood. Also teenage girl’s uterus is still developing and a pregnancy may expose them to health risks like anemia and prolonged labor which may damage the reproductive tract.

3. Name any two nutritional disorders likely to affect adolescents. 

Ans: Bulimia nervous: Periods of overeating and later vomiting due to fear of weight gain and Anorexia: Extreme dieting, fasting and over-exercising to prevent weight gain.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.3 

1. What are RTIs and STIs? 

Ans: RTI and STI are two abbreviations for Reproductive Tract Infection and Sexually Transmitted Infections such as Syphilis and Gonorrhea.

2. Name two symptoms each of infections in the reproductive tract in men and women which warrant a visit to a doctor. 

Ans: For women, symptoms like pain and burning sensation during urination and foul smelling vaginal discharge warrant a visit to the doctor. For men also, burning  sensation and pain during urination along with tenderness in the groin should be checked with doctor.

3. State two ways of transmission of these infections and two methods of preventing them.

Ans: Infections can be transferred through from the infected partner to the uninfected partner during intercourse and from an infected mother to her child before or after birth. Using proper protection and avoiding multiple partners are two ways of preventing them.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.4 

1. Why is access to proper nutrition and adequate rest important for pregnant women? 

Ans: Proper nutrition and rest are important for pregnant women to safe and healthy development of foetus because the growth of foetus depends on mother’s nutritional status and physical condition.

2. Name the nutrients required to build (i) bones and (ii) blood in the foetus. Mention one source of each. 

Ans: (i) Nutrient to build bones in calcium. It is found in milk and milk products like cottage cheese (paneer).

(ii) Iron is important for hemoglobin (blood) and is found in green leafy vegetables.

3. How can you remove myths related to gender?

Ans: Myths related to gender are not easy to remove and require that we work on them continuously by avoiding gender discrimination and eliminating ill-practices like female foeticide, child marriage, dowry etc. Another way to remove myths related to gender is to encourage parents to educate their girls while giving a loving, nurturing and safe environment to their children to explore their personalities.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.5 

1. What is Colostrum? 

Ans: Colostrum is the first exudation from mother’s nipples which is extremely important for newborns as it gives them immunity.

2. What is the cultural practice of 40 days of separation?

Ans: Many cultures practice 40days of separation where the mother and her newborn are kept in a separate room to avoid infections, and give adequate rest to the mother for healing and time to bond with her child.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.7 

1. What is sex ratio? 

Ans: Sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1000 males in a given population.

2. Give any two reasons for lesser number of girls than boys in India. 

Ans: Preference for son and associated female foeticide lead to lesser number of girls than boys in India.

3. Suggest two ways of preventing the decline in the sex ratio.

Ans: Strict punishment for those who practice in female foeticide and improving the status of women through education and employment can prevent decline in sex ratio.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.9 

1. Explain in a sentence or two the following terms. 

(i) Female Foeticide.

Ans: Female Foeticide is the practice of terminating unborn female foetus due to preference for a male child.

(ii) Gender Conflict.

Ans: Gender Conflict occurs due to culturally defined roles of men and women, where men due to being chief wage earners control the finances and women become dependent on them. Patriarchy, gender discrimination and stereo types are some of the reasons for gender conflict in family and society.

2. Mention any three acts/laws in our country favouring women. 

Ans: Three laws/ acts in our country favouring women are: 

(a) The Hindu widow remarriage Act, 1856 The Hindu succession Act, 1956

(b) Hindu Succession Act on inheritance right to sons and daughters (1956), and 

(c) Anti-dowry prohibition Act, 1961

3. What is dowry? Why has it been banned through an act?

Ans: When the groom and his family demand money and gifts from the bride’s family as a part of marriage it is called dowry. This temptation is one of the ills of patriarchy and has often lead to violence against women. 

Hence, dowry has been banned in India through the Anti-dowry Act of 1976.