NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 14 Introduction to Marketing

NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 14 Introduction to Marketing Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 14 Introduction to Marketing and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 14 Introduction to Marketing Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Business Studies Notes Paper 319.

NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 14 Introduction to Marketing

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 14 Introduction to Marketing, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Business Studies for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Introduction to Marketing

Chapter: 15

Module – 4 Marketing

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.1 

1. Define the term ‘marketing’.

Ans: Marketing is defined as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.   

2. Followings are the statements related to different concepts of marketing. Identify those pertain to modern concept by mentioning ‘MCM’ and traditional concept by mentioning ‘TCM’ in the space given against each statement. 

(a) It focuses on customer’s need.
(b) It focuses on product.
(c) It focuses on selling satisfaction.
(d) It focuses on selling goods and services.
(e) It focuses on earning profit by maximisation of sales.
(f) It focuses on earning profit through maximisation of customer satisfaction.

Ans:

(a) It focuses on customer’s need.	MCM.
(b) It focuses on product.	TCM.
(c) It focuses on selling satisfaction.	MCM.
(d) It focuses on selling goods and services.	TCM.
(e) It focuses on earning profit by maximisation of sales.	TCM.
(f) It focuses on earning profit through maximisation of customer satisfaction.	MCM.

3. Complete the answer with the right choice. 

(i) As per the Production concept, it is believed that customers primarily buy products that are________________.

(a) High in quality and performance. 

(b) Widely available and affordable. 

(c) Sold aggressively. 

(d) As per the needs of the customers. 

Ans: (b) Widely available and affordable. 

(ii) As per the Product concept, it is believed that customers primarily buy products that are________________. 

(a) High in quality and performance. 

(b) Widely available and affordable. 

(c) Sold aggressively. 

(d) As per the needs of the customers.

Ans: (a) High in quality and performance.   

(iii) As per the Selling concept, it is believed that customers primarily buy products that are________________. 

(a) High in quality and performance.

(b) Widely available and affordable. 

(c) Sold aggressively. 

(d) As per the needs of the customers.

Ans: (c) Sold aggressively. 

(iv) As per the Marketing concept, it is believed that customers primarily buy products that are________________. 

(a) High in quality and performance. 

(b) Widely available and affordable. 

(c) Sold aggressively. 

(d) As per the needs of the customers.

Ans: (d) As per the needs of the customers.  

(v) At the heart of any marketing programme is the ________the firm’s tangible offering to the market. 

(a) Service offer. 

(b) Product. 

(c) Sales support team. 

(d) Packaging.

Ans: (b) Product.  

(vi) Marketing is a process which aims at: 

(a) Production. 

(b) Profit making. 

(c) Satisfaction of customer needs. 

(d) Selling Products.

Ans: (c) Satisfaction of customer needs. 

3. ‘Ford plans to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions using their EcoBoost engine to increase fuel efficiency. It also plans to introduce 40 electrified vehicles (electric and hybrid) by 2022.’ Identify the marketing management philosophy followed by Ford.

Ans: Societal marketing concept. 

4. Name the concepts:

(a) Find wants and fill them.

Ans: Marketing.

(b) produce the product and sell it.

Ans: Selling.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.2 

1. Following is a list of statements regarding features of ‘marketing’ and ‘selling’. Identify the features of marketing by mentioning ‘M’ and of selling by mentioning ‘S’ in the space given against each.

(a) It starts after the production process is over.
(b) All activities revolve around the product that has been produced.
(c) Customer is the central point.
(d) Satisfaction of the customer is the main focus.
(e) Target is to achieve shot-term gain.
(f) It is an integrated approach to achieve long-term goals.

Ans:

(a) It starts after the production process is over.	S.
(b) All activities revolve around the product that has been produced.	S.
(c) Customer is the central point.	M.
(d) Satisfaction of the customer is the main focus.	M.
(e) Target is to achieve shot-term gain.	S.
(f) It is an integrated approach to achieve long-term goals.	M.

2. Complete the following table.

	Types of Market
According to Area	(a) Local Market
	(b) Regional Market
	(c) __________________
	(d) __________________
	(e) International Market
According to Volume of transaction	(a) ___________________
	(b) Wholesale Market

Ans:

	Types of Market
According to Area	(a) Local Market.
	(b) Regional Market.
	(c) Rural Market.
	(d) National Market.
	(e) International Market.
According to Volume of transaction	(a) Retail Market.
	(b) Wholesale Market.

 INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.3 

1. State any two points of importance of marketing to consumer. 

Ans: (a) Marketing provides better products and services to the customers. 

(b) Marketing helps in making products available irrespective of time and place.  

2. Given below are words in two columns, A and B. You have to match the words of column A with words of column B, so that the matched words describe an objective of marketing. Write the serial number of words in column B against the matched words of column A. 

A	B
(a) Customer	(i) Goodwill
(b) Increase in	(ii) Sales volume
(c) Profitable	(iii) Product
(d) Better Quality	(iv) Satisfaction
(e) Create	(v) Demand

Ans:

A	B
(a) Customer	(iv) Satisfaction.
(b) Increase in	(v) Demand.
(c) Profitable	(ii) Sales volume.
(d) Better Quality	(iii) Product.
(e) Create	(i) Goodwill.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.4

1. Complete the crossword puzzle: 

Clues: ACROSS 

1. giving an attractive name to the product.

4. communicating and persuading the customers to purchase the product. 

6. fixation of the amount to be paid by the customers.

8. collecting and analysing information to develop marketing strategies.

10. physical movement of goods.

DOWN: 

2. activities for physical transfer of goods.

3. development of products according to pre-determined specifications.

5. putting goods in suitable containers for transportation purposes. 

7. large- scale storage.

9. separation of goods into different classes on the basis of size and quality.

Ans: 

2. Following are the statements pertaining to functions performed in marketing. Identify the function of marketing from each statement and write it in the space provided. 

(a) Physical movement of goods from one place to another. ( ) 

Ans: Transportation.

(b) Holding and preserving goods from the time of their procurement or production till the time of their sale. ( )

Ans: Storage and warehousing. 

(c) Collection and analysis of relevant facts to solve marketing problems. ( ) 

Ans: Market Research.

(d) This includes advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity. ( )

Ans: Promotion of product. 

(e) Separating products into different classes on the basis of certain predetermined standards. ( )

Ans: Grading.

TERMINAL EXERCISE

Very Short Answer Questions:

1. Define the term Market. 

Ans: Marketing refers to the process of ascertaining consumers’ needs and supplying various goods and services to the final consumers or users to satisfy those needs.Marketing refers to all those activities undertaken by a company to promote the buying or selling of a product or service.It includes advertising, selling, delivering products and maintaining relationships with consumers.

2. Who is termed as Marketeer? 

Ans: It refers to the person who organises the various marketing activities such as market research, product planning, pricing, distribution etc. 

3. What is meant by the term ‘Grading’?

Ans: Grading involves separating products into different classes on the basis of certain pre determined standards relating to size and quality. Grading is required in case of agricultural, forest and mineral products such as cotton, sugar cane, iron ore, coal, timber, etc.

4. What is the purpose of marketing as per traditional concept?

Ans: This concept has the following implications: 

(a) The main focus of this concept is on product, i.e., we have a product and it has to be sold. So, we have to persuade the consumers to buy our product. 

(b) All efforts of the marketing team are concentrated on selling the product. The marketer adopts all means like personal selling and sales promotion to boost the sales. 

(c) The ultimate goal of all marketing activities is to earn profit through maximisation of sales. 

5. Name the four activities included in promotion of the product. 

Ans: Promotional activities include advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity. All promotional activities involve communication with the existing and prospective customers whereby they are made aware of the product, its distinctive features, price, availability etc. 

Short Answer Questions

1. Explain the modern concept of marketing. 

Ans: The Modern concept of Marketing stresses on the needs and wants of the consumer. Consumers’ needs and wants are the guiding spirit of an organisation and the marketer focuses on the delivery of such goods and services that can satisfy the needs and wants of the customer or consumer. Thus, marketing starts with identifying consumer needs and then planning the production of goods and services accordingly to provide maximum satisfaction to the consumer.

2. Distinguish between traditional and modern concepts of marketing. 

Ans:

Traditional market	Modern
The main focus of this concept is on product, i.e., we have a product and it has to be sold. So, we have to persuade the consumers to buy our product.	The focus of this concept is on customer satisfaction. The marketing activities start with an assessment of the customers’ needs and plan the production of goods and services that can satisfy these needs most effectively. This also applies to all other marketing activities like pricing, packaging, distribution and sales promotion.
All efforts of the marketing team are concentrated on selling the product. The marketer adopts all means like personal selling and sales promotion to boost the sales.	All marketing activities like product planning, pricing, packaging, distribution and sales promotion are combined into one as co-ordinated marketing effort. This is called integrating marketing.
The ultimate goal of all marketing activities is to earn profit through maximisation of sales.	The main aim of all these efforts is to earn profit but through customer satisfaction. This implies that, if the customers are satisfied, they will continue to buy, and many new customers will be added. This will lead to increased sales and so also the profits.

3. Explain ‘packaging’ as a function of marketing. 

Ans: Packaging involves putting the goods in attractive packets according to the usage and convenience of consumers. Important considerations to be kept in view in this connection are the size of the package and the type of packaging material used. Goods may be packaged in bottles (plastic or glass), boxes (made of tin, glass, paper, plastic), cans or bags. The size of the package generally varies from a few grams to a few kilograms, one piece to a number of pieces of a product, or in any other suitable quantity in terms of weight, count, length etc. Packaging is also used as a promotional tool as suitable and attractive packaging influences the customers. 

4. What is meant by integrated marketing? 

Ans: An integrated marketing campaign might start with a TV ad featuring a memorable character. It is an integrated approach to achieve long-term goals like creating, maintaining and retaining the customers. 

5. Explain the significance of marketing research. 

Ans: Marketing research involves collection and analysis of facts relevant to various aspects of marketing. Marketing research is a critical tool that businesses and organisations can use to gather valuable information about their target market and industry. It is a process of collecting and analysing information regarding customer needs and buying habits, the nature of competition in the market, prevailing prices, distribution network, effectiveness of advertising media, etc. Marketing research gathers information and analyses facts for arriving at rational decisions and developing suitable marketing strategies.Marketing includes selling and other activities like various promotional measures, marketing research, after sales service, etc.

Long Answer Question

1. State any four points of the importance of marketing.