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NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 Living World
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Living World
Chapter: 1
BIOLOGY
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Q.1. Why are living organisms classified?
Ans. Living organisms are classified due to following reasons:
(i) It allows identification, nomenclature, and finally classification of an organism.
(ii) study of organisms and fossils.
(iii) study of evolution of organisms.
Q.2. Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?
Ans. The classification systems changing every now and then because of discovery of new species and advanced study techniques like molecular phylogeny, DNA techniques.
Q.3. What different criteria would you choose to classify people that you meet often?
Ans. Classification can be done on the basis of sex, names colour, region, family size etc.
Q.4. What do we learn from identification of individuals and populations?
Ans. The knowledge of characteristics of an individual or population helps in the identification of similarities and dis-similarities among the individuals of same kind or between different types of organisms. It helps the scientists to classify organisms in various categories.
Q.5. Given below is the scientific name of Mango. Identify the correctly written name. Mangifera Indica Mangifera indica.
Ans. Correct scientific name Mango is Mangifera indica. of
Q.6. Define a taxon. Give some examples of taxa at different hierarchical levels.
Ans. TAXON is a taxonomic group of any rank in a given system of classification.
Tiger belongs to taxon Panthera and species tigris.
Q.7. Can you identify the correct se-quence of taxonomical categories?
(a) Species → Order → Phylum → Kingdom
(b) Genus → Species → Order → Kingdom
(c) Species → Genus → Order → Phylum
Ans. The correct sequence is (c) Species → Genus → Order → Phylum.
Q.8. Try to collect all the currently accepted meanings for the word ‘species’. Discuss with your teacher the meaning of species in case of higher plants and animals on one hand and bacteria on the other hand.
Ans. SPECIES is genetically distinct and reproductively isolated natural population. It is also defined as group of interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. It is the lowest category. It is also the real basic unit of classification.
Q.9. Define and understand the following terms:
(i) Phylum.
(ii) Class.
(iii) Family.
(iv) Order.
(v) Genus.
Ans. Genus is group of related species.
Family is group of related genera.
Order is group of related families.
Class is group of related orders.
Division or Phylum is group of related classes.
Q.10. How is a key helpful in the identification and classification of an organism?
Ans. Key is a taxonomy aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities. The keys are based on the contrasting characters in a pair called couplet. It is analytical in nature. Each statement in the key is called a Lead.
Q.11. Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples of a plant and an animal.
Ans. The arrangement of various taxa in a hierarchical order is called taxonomic hierarchy. Species is present at the lowest level whereas kingdom is at the highest level.
Classification of a plant, Solanum mel ongena (Brinjal).
Kingdom – Plantae.
Division – Angiospermae.
Class – Dicotyledonae.
Order – Solanales.
Family – Solanaceae.
Genus – Solanum.
Species – melongena.
Classification of an animal, Housefly
Kingdom – Animalia.
Phylum – Chordata.
Class – Insecta.
Order – Diptera.
Family – Muscidae.
Genus – Musca.
Species – domestica.
