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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 Forest and wildlife Resources
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Forest and wildlife Resources
Chapter – 7
CONTEMPORARY INDIA – II (GEOGRAPHY)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for depletion of flora and fauna?
(a) Agricultural expansion.
(b) Large scale developmental projects.
(c) Grazing and fuel wood collection.
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanization.
Answer: (c) Grazing and fuel wood collection.
(ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?
(a) Joint Forest Management.
(b) Beej Bachao Andolan.
(c) Chipko Movement.
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries.
Answer: (d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries.
Q. 2. Match the following animals with their category of existence:
| Animals/Plants | Category of existence |
| 1. Black buck | (a) Extinct |
| 2. Asiatic elephant | (b) Rare |
| 3. Andaman wild pig | (c) Endangered |
| 4. Himalayan brown bear | (d) Vulnerable |
| 5. Pink head duck | (e) Endemic |
Answer:
| Animals/Plants | Category of existence |
| 1. Black buck | (c) Endangered. |
| 2. Asiatic elephant | (d) Vulnerable. |
| 3. Andaman wild pig | (e) Endemic. |
| 4. Himalayan brown bear | (b) Rare. |
| 5. Pink head duck | (a) Extinct. |
Q. 3. Match the following:
| 1. Reserved forests | (a) other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities. |
| 2. Protected forests | (b) forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources. |
| 3. Unclassed forests | (c) forest lands are protected from any further depletion. |
Answer:
| 1. Reserved forests | (b) forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources. |
| 2. Protected forests | (c) forest lands are protected from any further depletion. |
| 3. Unclassed forests | (a) other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities. |
Q. 4. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?
Answer: Biodiversity is a combination of two words-Bio and diversity. Bio means life and diversity means variety. Thus Biodiversity is the number and variety of organisms found within a specified region.
It refers to varieties of plants (trees), animals and microorganisms.
Importance of Biodiversity for Human lives:
(i) Biodiversity is living wealth of human beings. It has ecological, economic and scientific importance.
(ii) Species of many kinds develop human life support system. These affect climate and ecosystem.
(iii) Biodiversity helps in various crops’ productivity.
(iv) It is an integrated part of human culture. Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and fiction, but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of independence.
(v) Biodiversity is important for us because As human beings, we, along with biodiversity, form a complex web of ecological systems in which we are only a part. We are very much dependent on this system for our own existence.
(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.
Answer: (i) Humans have cleared the forests for their own living and the lives of their animals as well as for the construction of various types of buildings (houses, factories, schools, roads, hospitals, offices etc). Too much destruction of trees has disturbed the ecosystem and created different kinds of health problems for themselves.
(ii) Agricultural expansion with the pace of increase in population. Wrong agricultural practices like shifting cultivation (Jhum). India got here independence in August 1947. Even after independence hunting, poaching of wild animals and expansion of agriculture, industries and trade proved one of the major causes of the depletion of the flora and fauna.
(iii) Mining and quarrying, overgrazing, illegal trade of forest produce including hides, bones, internal organs including extraction of the musk from musk-deer, horns etc., of wild animals and cutting trees for their use as fuel.
(iv) The increasing demand of sleepers for the new construction and expansion of railways and ship-building during the colonial rule also inflicted a great damage to the Indian forests.
(v) The use of petrol, diesel or due to burning of fossil fuels in large quantities, automobile exhausts gaseous dirt and dirty water, effluents from factories have led to pollution of air, soil and water. As a result, different species of plants have become extinct.
Q. 5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(i) Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India?
Answer: 1. Worship of trees and love for animals: Basil, Banana plants, Banyan, Pipal, Gular, etc., trees are worshiped as an allegory of gods/deities. Elephants, peacocks, nilgay, black buck, cow, myna, parrot etc., animals and birds are loved by their cues and gesticulations.
2. Good traditions of Munda and Santhals: Munda and Santhals of Chhotanagpur worship Mahua and Kadamba trees, tribals in Orissa and Bihar worship tamarind and mango trees. Animals like macaques and monkeys are loved and respected.
3. Sacred Groves: There are sacred groves-left virgin from human interference with the vegetation-and wildlife is fostered in their natural habitats by several communities in India.
4. Holy books and protection of forests and wildlife: Holy books of almost all religions describe forests with natural vegetation and wild animals as deities, saviour of human life and the greatest friends of mankind. For instance, Lord Buddha had stated far back in 487 B.C.E.-“The tree is a peculiar organism of unlimited kindness and benevolence and makes no demand for its sustenance and extends generously the products of its life activity. It affords protection to all beings, offering shade even to the axemen who destroy it.”
5. Role of Movements: There are movements launched by communities all over India like Navdanya, Beej Bachao Andolan, Chipko Andolan, etc., and forest management programmes like the one called JFM or Joint Forest Management e.g. village institutions in Orissa, since 1988 Communities in India have contributed to protection and conservation of biodiversity through above mentioned-a number of programmes.
(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
Answer: Good practices towards conserva- tion of forest and wildlife:
(a) Duty of every individual: Each individual should read and understand the scientific fact that on account of subsidence in cultures and their fall in an endangered state, carcass and corpse of wild animals develops cancer (skin) germs and it has affected human beings since last a few decades.
(b) For ecological balance: Human resource tempts to their skills like engineering, technical knowledge, temperament of inquisitiveness and quest for knowledge, etc., but all with side-effects. As this resource is sensitive, an autistic approach under influence of passions, this resource (viz. human resource) has so far inflicted atrocities upon forest and wildlife resources. This is the reason, ecological disturbance is being seen in the dreary epidemics, pandemics, global warming and depletion of ozone layer.
(c) To make proper use: It is duty of each citizen to make optimum and judicious use of commodities that we obtain from forest and wildlife resources. For example, if an individual is a student, he should avoid wastage of paper, pencil, bags, apparatus, instruments, pen, books, magazines, furniture, building etc., because these all things are carcasses of this biodiversity viz. environment/eco-system containing forest and wildlife resources.