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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 6 Print Culture and The Modern World
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Print Culture and The Modern World
Chapter – 6
CONTEMPORARY INDIA – II (GEOGRAPHY)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron-ore?
(a) Renewable.
(b) Biotic.
(c) Flow.
(d) Non-renewable.
Answer: (d) Non-renewable.
(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
(a) Replenishable.
(b) Human-made.
(c) Abiotic.
(d) Non-recyclable.
Answer: (a) Replenishable.
(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation.
(b) Deforestation.
(c) Over-irrigation.
(d) Overgrazing.
Answer: (a) Intensive cultivation.
(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?
(a) Punjab.
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh.
(c) Haryana.
(d) Uttarakhand.
Answer: (d) Uttarakhand.
(v) In which of the following states in black soil found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir.
(b) Gujarat.
(c) Rajasthan.
(d) Jharkhand.
Answer: (b) Gujarat.
Q. 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it,
Answer: The black soil is found in
(i) Maha- rashtra.
(ii) Gujarat. and
(iii) Madhya Pradesh.
The name of the crop which is mainly grown in black soil is cotton.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Answer: Name of Soil: Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coastal plains.
The main features of Alluvial soil:
(a) Most fertile: Alluvial soil is wide spread in India. It is very important type of soil for arming. The entire northern plains of our country are made of alluvial soil.
(b) Alluvial soils contain adequate proportion of petash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of several crops like sugarcane, Paddy, Wheat and Pulses.
(c) Alluvial soils are of two types-Bangar ald alluvial) and Khadar (new alluvial). Later is more fertile.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Answer: (a) By terrace farming.
(b) By plowing along the contour lines.
(c) By strip cropping.
(d) By growing shelter belts.
(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Answer: Biotic resources: Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere, e.g.Forests and their products, agriculture crops, birds, animals, fish, grass etc.
Abiotic resources: Resources obtained from non-living things. For example, rocks and metals. Land, water and soil are also abiotic resources.
Q. 3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(i) Explain land use patterns in India and why has the land under forest not increased since 1960-61?
Answer: Land use pattern in India:
The land is used for the following purposes:
1. Forests.
2. Land not available for cultivation:
(a) Barren and waste lands.
(b) Land put to non-agricultural uses, e.g., buildings, roads, factories, etc.
3. Other uncultivated lands (excluding fallow lands).
(a) Permanent pastures and grazing lands.
(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves, etc. (not included in net sown area).
(c) Culturable waste lands (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years).
4. Fallow lands:
(a) Current fallow: (left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year).
(b) Other than current fallow: (left cultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years).
5. Net Sown Area:
Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross- cropped area.
Land under forest has not increased since 1960–61 due to the following reasons:
1. Increasing Population: Population of India is increasing very rapidly. Land is being used for construction of houses and other buildings for the increasing population for our country. Factories, mills and other business establishments are being constructed frequently all over India. Roads are constructed, railway lines are extending and bridges are fabricated.
2. Misuse of forest land: Local people are not using forest land properly. They are cutting trees without proper planning. People are not planting new trees and intensive farming is not practised.
3. Negligence: Waste land reclamation plans are not implemented.
4. Residential colonies extension: The demand for residential land is increasing in villages and towns.
5. Expansion of industry: The land has been increasingly utilized to expand industry, commerce and recreation facility.
6. Desertification: Conditions of desertification are at rise.
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Answer: (i) Expanding Consumption: Technical and economic development has led to more consumption of resources. Higher level of technological development needs more and more resources for production activities. For example, water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated area.
(ii) Westernization: Human beings are tempted to western line of consumption.
(iii) Emergence of new middle class: A new middle class has emerged on account of ex parte economic development, therefore, trend of consumption is increasing year by year.
(iv) Impact of IT: Information technology has brought boom in human choices, interests, hobbies, life-style and status-symbols.