Class 11 Beauty and Wellness Chapter 2 Skincare Services

Class 11 Beauty and Wellness Chapter 2 Skincare Services Solutions English Medium, AHSEC Class 11 Beauty and Wellness Question Answer, Class 11 Beauty and Wellness Chapter 2 Skincare Services Question Answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter Class 11 Beauty and Wellness Chapter 2 Skincare Services English Medium Solutions and select needs one.

Class 11 Beauty and Wellness Chapter 2 Skincare Services

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Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. SEBA Class 11 Elective Beauty and Wellness Question Answer. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Class 11 Elective Beauty and Wellness Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Skincare Services

Chapter – 2

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Epidermis has ___________ cells.

(a) Keratinocytes.

(b) Melanocytes.

(c) Langerhans.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

2. Which of the following are the functions of the skin?

(a) Protection.

(b) Excretion.

(c) Both (a) and (b).

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b).

3. Epidermis is the __________ layer of the skin.

(a) Lowermost.

(b) Outermost.

(c) Middle.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (b) Outermost.

4. ___________ protects the skin from ultraviolet rays.

(a) Epidermis.

(b) Subcutis.

(c) Melanin.

(d) Langerhans.

Ans: (c) Melanin.

B. Fill in the Blanks:

1. The uppermost layer of the skin is _____________.

Ans: The uppermost layer of the skin is epidermis.

2. Dermis consists of ___________ and elastin fibre.

Ans: Dermis consists of collagen and elastin fibre.

3. Melanocytes produce a black-coloured pigment called ___________.

Ans: Melanocytes produce a black-coloured pigment called melanin.

4. Langerhans are the ___________ cells found in the epidermis.

Ans: Langerhans are the immune cells found in the epidermis.

5. Dermis is the ___________ connective tissue or supportive layer of the skin.

Ans: Dermis is the fibrous connective tissue or supportive layer of the skin.

C. Subjective Questions:

1. Name the three layers of the skin.

Ans: The three layers of the skin are:

(i) Epidermis: It is the outermost or epithelial layer of the skin. It is a waterproof protective layer that covers the body and serves as a barrier to infections. It prevents loss of water from the body. The epidermis also prevents the entry of foreign bodies into the body. It does not have direct blood supply as it contains no blood vessels, and all nutrients are transferred to it from the dermis. The epidermis has three main types of cells. They are: 

(a) Keratinocytes (skin cells).

(b) Melanocytes (pigment producing cells).

(c) Langerhans (immune cells).

(ii) Dermis: It is the fibrous connective tissue or supportive layer of the skin. It lies below the epidermis. It contains blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures. Dermis consists of collagen and elastin fibre.

(iii) Hypodermis or subcutis: It is a layer that lies below the dermis. It is also called

subcutaneous tissue’, ‘hypodermis’ or ‘panniculus’. Subcutis mainly consists of fat cells (adipocytes), nerves and blood vessels. The fat cells are organised into lobules, which are separated by structures called ‘septae’, which contain nerves, larger blood vessels, fibrous tissue and fibroblasts. Fibrous septae may form dimples in the skin (cellulite).

2. List five functions of the skin.

Ans: Skin is the largest organ of the body. It performs key functions, resulting from multiple chemical and physical reactions taking place within it.

The basic functions of the skin are as follows:

(i) Protection: Skin protects the body from injury, heat, radiation, chemicals and microorganisms. Due to constant shedding of ‘stratum corneum’, it acts as a mechanical barrier and does not allow organisms to stay or penetrate into the skin. ‘Melanin’ produced by melanocytes present in the basal layer of the epidermis protects the body from ultraviolet radiation.

(ii) Thermo regulation: The skin also serves as a temperature regulator, enabling the body to adapt to different temperatures and atmospheric conditions by regulating moisture loss. This is done by controlling the secretion of sweat by sweat glands followed by evaporation of sweat from the surface of the skin.

(iii) Hormone synthesis: An active form of vitamin D is synthesised in the skin in the presence of sunlight.

(iv) Excretion: Through the secretion of sweat and sebum, the skin performs excretory function, eliminating a number of harmful substances resulting from metabolic activities of the intestine and liver.

(v) Immunological role: The skin plays an immunological role too as the langerhans cells pick antigens from the skin and carry them to the lymph nodes.

(vi) Sensory function: The skin has an intricate network of fine nerve terminals between epidermal cells and specialised nerve endings in the dermis and around cutaneous appendages. These nerve endings carry the sensation of touch, pain, temperature, wetness and itchiness.

A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Cleansing is performed to remove _____________ accumulated in the skin pores.

Ans: Cleansing is performed to remove impurities accumulated in the skin pores.

2. Creams are also used to prevent the occurrence of ____________.

Ans: Creams are also used to prevent the occurrence of blackheads.

3. Moisturisers delay the formation of _____________.

Ans: Moisturisers delay the formation of wrinkles.

4. The pH of ____________ skin ranges from 5.5 to 5.8.

Ans: The pH of normal skin ranges from 5.5 to 5.8.

5. Dry skin is because of lack of lubrication from the _____________ gland.

Ans: Dry skin is because of lack of lubrication from the sebaceous gland.

6. Oily skin has a tendency of developing open pores, ____________ and blackheads.

Ans: Oily skin has a tendency of developing open pores, pimples and blackheads.

7. A __________ mask is used for tightening the skin and promoting blood circulation.

Ans: A peel-off mask is used for tightening the skin and promoting blood circulation.

B. Subjective Questions:

1. Explain the step-by-step procedure for performing skin analysis.

Ans: The following steps must be followed to perform skin analysis:

Step 1: Inform the client about the steps to be performed as part of skin analysis.

Step 2: Cover the client’s eyes with cool and wet cotton pads.

Step 3: Now, look at the client’s skin on the face and neck, using a magnifying glass in order to determine the skin type, skin conditions and the course of treatment.

Step 4: Slightly stretch a small section of the skin using middle and index fingers.

Step 5: Cleanse the skin by following the recommended procedure.

2. Explain the following skincare techniques:

(a) Cleansing.

Ans: Cleansing is a common beauty treatment offered by most beauty salons. It is done to remove impurities accumulated in the skin pores. Cleansing lotion, gel or milk can be used for deep cleansing. Cleansing cream is used for cleansing and removing make-up. The cream melts as soon as it comes in contact with the skin, thus, allowing it to penetrate into the pores for deep cleansing. The cream also prevents the occurrence of blackheads.

(b) Moisturising.

Ans: Moisturisers are used to keep the skin soft and supple. These are made up of Normalising Moisturising Factor (NMF) ingredients. Moisturisers delay wrinkle formation.

3. What is aging?

Ans: Aging is a natural process, in which major body parts and systems get affected over time. Aging is of two types — internal and external. Internal aging is caused by the genes one inherits, for example natural skin aging. External aging is caused by environmental factors, such as pollution, smoking, alcohol consumption, sun exposure, etc., for example actual premature skin aging. The early signs of aging start appearing around 28–30 years but they vary from person-to-person.

4. What causes wrinkles?

Ans: Wrinkles are primarily caused by the loss of moisture and elasticity in the skin. As we age, the skin’s natural ability to retain moisture decreases, and the production of collagen and elastin — the proteins responsible for skin firmness and elasticity — slows down. This results in the skin becoming dry, loose, and less resilient, leading to the formation of fine lines and wrinkles. External factors such as excessive exposure to sunlight, pollution, poor diet, smoking, and inadequate skincare can further accelerate this process, making the skin appear older and more wrinkled than it naturally would.Additionally, lifestyle choices such as smoking, which impairs skin regeneration and blood flow, and exposure to pollution, which causes oxidative stress, further contribute to the formation and deepening of wrinkles.

5. Name and describe any two types of skin masks.

Ans: The two types of skin masks are as under:

(i) Clay mask: The main ingredient of such a mask is natural clay, which has a deep cleansing effect on the skin. The mask draws the impurities on the surface of the skin while drying. It unclogs the pores and tightens the skin. It is best for people with normal to oily skin as it absorbs excess oil without stripping the skin of natural oils.  

(ii) Cream mask: It is ideal for people with normal to dry skin as it rejuvenates the skin by moisturising it. Cream masks have emollient or softening properties that make the skin soft.

6. What is a blackhead?

Ans: Blackheads are a type of mild acne, which get clogged with dirt, oil and sebum. The melanin further oxidises with these impurities, causing the surface to appear dark or even black. They can appear on the face, neck, shoulders or even back. The main reasons for blackheads are dead skin cells not shedding naturally, changes in the hormone level, medication, acne-causing bacteria, excess oil production in the skin, etc.

A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Epicranius muscle has two parts, namely ____________ and frontalis.

Ans: Epicranius muscle has two parts, namely occipitals and frontalis.

2. The voluntary movement of ____________ helps in the movement of eyebrows and skull.

Ans: The voluntary movement of frontalis helps in the movement of eyebrows and skull.

3. The movement of the lower lip is controlled by ____________ muscle.

Ans: The movement of the lower lip is controlled by quadratus labii inferiors muscle.

B. Match the Column:

Ans: 

C. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of the following is the muscle of the neck?

(a) Latissimus dorsi.

(b) Temporalis.

(c) Caninus.

(d) Supine.

Ans: (a) Latissimus dorsi.

2. Which of the following muscle is present behind the ear?

(a) Auricularis superior.

(b) Auricularis posterior.

(c) Auricularis anterior.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (b) Auricularis posterior.

A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Chemicals, such as H₂O₂ and ammonia are used as ___________ agents.

Ans: Chemicals, such as H₂O₂ and ammonia are used as bleaching agents.

2. It is recommended that a ____________ test is conducted before starting the actual bleaching process.

Ans: It is recommended that a patch test is conducted before starting the actual bleaching process.

3. Eye pads are required to protect a person’s eyes from ___________.

Ans: Eye pads are required to protect a person’s eyes from watering.

4. Bleaching paste is prepared by mixing bleaching cream with __________ grains.

Ans: Bleaching paste is prepared by mixing bleaching cream with ammonia grains.

B. Subjective Questions:

1. Name two bleaching agents.

Ans: The two bleaching agents are Hydrogen peroxide and Ammonium persulfate.

2. Write down the procedure for conducting a patch test.

Ans: As chemicals are used in bleaching, it is always recommended to perform the treatment only after conducting a ‘patch test’.

This test is conducted by following these steps:

Step 1: Select a suitable bleach based on the requirement of a client and the person’s skin type.

Step 2: Take a teaspoon of bleaching cream.

Step 3: Add two to three grains of ammonia to the bleaching cream and mix well.

Step 4: Apply bleach on a small patch of the skin behind the ear.

Step 5: Wait for 10–15 minutes and observe for allergy or redness on the skin.

Step 6: If there is an allergy, then avoid using the bleach. Natural bleach can be used in this case.

Step 7: If no allergy is observed, then one may proceed with the procedure.

3. What are the advantages of bleaching?

Ans: The advantages of bleaching are as follows:

(i) It gives instant results (within 10 minutes).

(ii) It lightens the skin tone.

(iii) It helps in removing suntan.

Parimol

Hi! my Name is Parimal Roy. I have completed my Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy (B.A.) from Silapathar General College. Currently, I am working as an HR Manager at Dev Library. It is a website that provides study materials for students from Class 3 to 12, including SCERT and NCERT notes. It also offers resources for BA, B.Com, B.Sc, and Computer Science, along with postgraduate notes. Besides study materials, the website has novels, eBooks, health and finance articles, biographies, quotes, and more.