Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 19 World Climate and Its Changes

Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 19 World Climate and Its Changes Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 11 Geography Important Solutions and select need one. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Geography Additional Notes English Medium Download PDF. HS 1st Year Finance Important Solutions in English.

Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 19 World Climate and Its Changes

Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. ASSEB Class 11 Elective Geography Additional Question Answer are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given HS 1st Year Elective Geography Important Notes in English for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

 World Climate and Its Changes

Chapter: 19

FOURTH UNIT: ATMOSPHERE, WEATHER AND CLIMATE

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer The Following Questions:

1. What is meant by climate?

Ans: The average pattern of atmospheric conditions such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind movements observed over a long period (at least 50 years) in a vast region is called its climate.

2. What is meant by highland or mountain climate?

Ans: The climate of mountainous regions that becomes cold due to altitude and resembles tundra or ice-cap conditions is called highland or mountain climate (EH).

3. According to whose classification are the world’s climates divided into five primary groups—A, B, C, D, and E?

Ans: According to Köppen’s classification, the world’s climates are divided into five primary groups—A, B, C, D, and E.

4. In which month and year did a volcanic eruption in Iceland make the skies of Western Europe and the North Atlantic appear grey for several days?

Ans: In April 2010, a volcanic eruption in Iceland caused the skies over Western Europe and the North Atlantic to appear grey for several days.

5. During the year, what are the approximate day and night temperatures?

Ans: The daytime temperature rises up to about 30°C, and at night it falls to around 20°C.

6. What are the three types of climates found in the E group (Cold Climate)?

Ans: The three types of climates found in the E group are—Tundra (ET), Ice-cap (EF), and Highland (EH) climates.

7. Into how many groups did Köppen divide the world’s climates?

Ans: Köppen divided the world’s climates into five groups.

8. What are the main causes of climate change?

Ans: The main causes of climate change are deforestation, mechanisation, and smoke emitted from vehicles and industries.

9. What are the characteristics of vegetation in cold climatic regions?

Ans: Vegetation in cold regions has short leaves and mainly consists of coniferous evergreen trees such as pine and cedar.

10. What are the two types of dry climates?

Ans: The two types of dry climates are:

Steppe or Semi-arid Climate (BS) and Desert Climate.

Long Question & Answer:

1. What is Global Warming? Discuss its major sources and effects.

Ans: Global Warming refers to the gradual but continuous rise in the Earth’s average temperature, mainly due to the excessive concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases, such as Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Methane (CH₄), Nitrous oxide (N₂O), and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), trap heat radiated from the Earth’s surface. The main sources of these gases are deforestation, the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), emissions from industries and livestock, and refrigerants. Its major effects include melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, submergence of coastal regions, droughts, irregular rainfall, food shortages, biodiversity loss, new diseases, and displacement of populations. Thus, global warming poses severe environmental, economic, and social challenges.

2. What are the human-made causes of climate change? What measures can be taken to control it?

Ans: In the present era, the most important and rapidly accelerating cause of climate change is human activities. Although natural factors contributed to climate variations in the past, the intense level of environmental interference caused by humans

— especially after the Industrial Revolution of the 19th and 20th centuries

— has become the root of today’s climate crisis.

First, the excessive dependence on burning fossil fuels (such as coal, petrol, and diesel) for electricity generation and transportation releases a massive amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere, which is a major greenhouse gas.

Second, deforestation destroys the Earth’s natural carbon-absorbing system, leading to an increased concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere.

Third, emissions from industries and mechanized systems release gases such as methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These gases have a high heat-trapping capacity, greatly accelerating global warming.

Fourth, in agriculture, the overuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and excessive irrigation practices reduces soil fertility and also releases various reactive gases into the atmosphere.

Fifth, the expansion of mega-cities, urbanization, and the widespread use of concrete structures disrupt the natural circulation of air and water, causing local temperature increases known as the “urban heat island effect.”