NIOS Class 12 Computer Science Chapter 13 Basic Concepts of OOP

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NIOS Class 12 Computer Science Chapter 13 Basic Concepts of OOP

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Basic Concepts of OOP

Chapter: 13

Module – 3: Programming in C++

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.1 

1. State whether the following statements are true or false: 

(a) In procedure-oriented programming all data is shared by all functions. 

Ans: True.

(b) One of the striking features of OOP is division of program into objects that represent real world entities. 

Ans: True.

(c) Wrapping up of data of different types into a single unit is known as encapsulation. 

Ans: True.

(d) Object oriented programs are executed much faster than conventional programs. 

Ans: False.

(e) Since C is a subset of C++, C programs will run under C++ compilers.

Ans: True.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.2 

1. Fill in the blanks. 

(a) C++ is an ____________ language. 

Ans: OOP.

(b) An ____________ is a self contained unit of ____________ and function. 

Ans: Object, Data.

(c) A ____________ can be used to create objects of its own type. 

Ans: Class.

(d) ____________ is a way of combining data with functions into an object. 

Ans: Encapsulation.

(e) A derived class can be derived from a ____________ class. 

Ans: Base.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false: 

(a) C++ is an extension to C programming language. 

Ans: True.

(b) Functions of one object cannot access the functions of other objects in C++

Ans: False.

(c) Inheritance is the capability to define a new class in terms of an existing class. 

Ans: True.

(d) Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details. 

Ans: True.

(e) An object is a new data type.

Ans: False.

TERMINAL EXERCISE 

1. What are the features of OOP? 

Ans: The following are the features of (OOP) object-oriented programming: 

(i) Objects.

(ii) Classes. 

(iii) Data abstraction. 

(iv) Data encapsulation. 

(v) Inheritance.

(vi) Polymorphism.

2. Explain the following terms briefly: 

(a) Data abstraction. 

Ans: Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details. To understand this concept more clearly, take an example of ‘switch board’. You only press particular switches as per your requirement. You need not know the internal working of these switches. What is happening inside is hidden from you. This is abstraction, where you only know the essential things to operate on switch board without knowing the background details of switch board.

(b) Data encapsulation. 

Ans: Wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit is called as data encapsulation. Encapsulation is the most basic concept of OOP. It is the way of combining both data and the functions that operate on that data under a single unit. The only way to access the data is provided by the functions (that are combined along with the data). These functions are considered as member functions in C++. It is not possible to access the data directly. If you want to reach the data item in an object, you call a member function in the object. It will read the data item and return the value to you. The data is hidden, so it is considered as safe and far away from accidental alternation. Data and its functions are said to be encapsulated into a single entity.

(c) Polymorphism. 

Ans: Polymorphism is a key to the power of OOP. It is the concept that supports the capability of data to be processed in more than one form. For example, an operation may exhibit different behavior in different instances. The behavior depends upon the types of data used in the operation.

(d) Inheritance. 

Ans: Inheritance is a process by which objects of one class inherit the properties of objects of another class. It is the capability to define a new class in terms of an existing class. An existing class is known as a base class and the new class is known as derived class. Number of examples can be given on this aspect. For example, a motor cycle is a class in itself. It is also a member of two wheelers class.

3. Describe the various benefits of OOP.

Ans: The benefits of OOPs are:

(i) Software complexity can be easily managed. 

(ii) Object-oriented systems can be easily upgraded. 

(iii) It is quite easy to partition the work in a project based on objects. 

(iv) Objects created for object oriented program can easily be reused in other programs.