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NCERT Class 8 English Chapter 3 Glimpses of the Past
Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. CBSE Class 8 English Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Class 8 English Chapter 3 Glimpses of the Past and After, NCERT Class 8 English Textbook of Honeydew and It So Happen. for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Glimpses of the Past
Chapter: 3
HONEYDEW
COMPREHENSION CHECK
Page No – 45
1. Look at picture 1 and recall the opening lines of the original song in Hindi. Who is the singer? Who else do you see in this picture?
Ans: The original song is “Ae mere watan ke logon….” The singer is Lata Mangeshkar.
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Rani Laxmi Bai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi are also seen in the picture.
2. In picture 2 what do you understand by the Company’s “superior weapons”?
Ans: The company’s superior weapons mean all their wits, strength, rules and regulations.
3. Who is an artisan? Why do you think the artisans suffered? (picture 3)
Ans: An artisan is a skilled manual worker who crafts items that may be functional or strictly decorative.
The artisans had to suffer because the British were exploiting them and levying very high taxes on them, All this was ruining them economically. Moreover, goods which were manufactured by machine were being imported from Britain and were being sold in the Indian market at cheaper rates, which ruined the market for artisans’ hand-made goods.
4. Which picture, according to you, reveals the first sparks of the fire of revolt?
Ans: Picture 7 ‘The Sparks’ reveals the first sparks of the fire of revolt.
| WORKING WITH THE TEXT |
Answer the following questions.
1. Do you think the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757?
Ans: Yes, the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757, as they failed to recognize that the British were deceiving them. The British manipulated them by fostering internal conflicts and gradually establishing control through their divide-and-rule policy. Instead of resisting, the princes blindly accepted whatever the British dictated, without any opposition.
2. How did the East India Company subdue the Indian princes?
Ans: The Indian princes were frequently engaged in conflicts among themselves and often sought the assistance of English merchants in their battles. As a result, peaceful living became difficult for the common people due to the continuous warfare. These rivalries ultimately aided the East India Company in overpowering the Indian princes.
3. Quote the words used by Ram Mohan Roy to say that every religion teaches the same principles.
Ans: The words of Ram Mohan Roy spoken to his wife were: “Cows are of different colours, but the colour of their milk is the same. Different teachers have different opinions but the essence of every religion is the same.”
4. In what ways did the British officers exploit Indians?
Ans: The British officers exploited the Indians in various ways. They imposed heavy taxes on Indian farmers and forced them to grow crops of their choice, which they sold at higher prices in the market. They also reduced import duties on goods manufactured in England and flooded the Indian market with these products. By promoting machine-made goods, they severely impacted the market for handmade products, as machine-made items were cheaper in comparison. In their ruthless measures, they even went to the extent of cutting off the thumbs of skilled artisans to eliminate competition.
5. Name these people.
(i) The ruler who fought pitched battles against the British and died fighting.
Ans: Kunwar Singh.
(ii) The person who wanted to reform the society.
Ans: Ram Mohan Roy.
(iii) The person who recommended the introduction of English education in India.
Ans: Macaulay.
(iv) Two popular leaders who led the revolt (Choices may vary.)
Ans: Maulvi Ahmedulla of Faizabad and Peshwa Nana Saheb.
6. Mention the following.
(i) Two examples of social practices prevailing then.
Ans: Untouchability and child marriage.
(ii) Two oppressive policies of the British.
Ans: The British decided to do away with import duty on goods manufactured in England. This severely affected Indian industries.
(iii) Two ways in which common people suffered.
Ans: They lost their old jobs and lands. They were being converted by the British.
(iv) Four reasons for the discontent that led to the 1857 War of Independence.
Ans: Four reasons leading to the discontent are:
(a) Indians became slaves in their own country.
(b) Indian industries were destroyed by the East India Company.
(c) The Indians were not being treated equally as the British.
(d) The Indian customs were spoiled as the grease used on the bullet was made of cow and pig fats.
| WORKING WITH LANGUAGE |
In comics what the characters speak is put in bubbles. This is direct narration. When we report what the characters speak, we use the method of indirect narration.
Study these examples.
First farmer: Why are your men taking away the entire crop?
Second farmer: Your men have taken away everything.
Officer: You are still in arrears. If you don’t pay tax next week, I’ll send you to jail.
- The first farmer asked the officer why his men were taking away the entire crop.
- The second farmer said that their men had taken away everything.
- The officer replied that they were still in arrears and warned them that if they did not pay tax the following week, he (the officer) would send them (the farmers) to jail.
1. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
(i) First man: We must educate our brothers.
Second man: And try to improve their material conditions.
Third man: For that we must convey our grievances to the British Parliament.
The first man said that _________________.
Ans: The first man said that they must educate their brothers.
The second man added that ________________.
Ans:The second man added that they must try to improve their material conditions
The third man suggested that _________________.
Ans: The third man suggested that they must convey their grievances to the British Parliament.
(ii) First soldier: The white soldier gets huge pay, mansions and servants.
Second soldier: We get a pittance and slow promotions.
Third soldier: Who are the British to abolish our customs?
The first soldier said that ________________.
Ans: The first soldier said that the white soldier got huge pay, mansions and servants.
The second soldier remarked that _________________.
Ans: The second soldier remarked that they got a pittance and slow promotions
The third soldier asked ________________.
Ans: The third soldier asked who the British were to abolish their customs.
| SPEAKING AND WRITING |
1. Playact the role of farmers who have grievances against the policies of the government. Rewrite their ‘speech bubbles’ in dialogue form first.
Ans: Students, do yourself.
2. Look at the pictures.
(i) Ask one another questions about the pictures.
1. Where is the fox?
Ans: The fox is in the well.
2. How did it happen?
Ans: She fell into the well by accident.
3. What is the fox thinking?
Ans: The fox thinks how to get out of there.
4. What does she want to know?
Ans: She wants to know whether the water is sweet.
5. What happens next?
Ans: The goat wanted to taste the water.
6. Where is the fox now?
Ans: The fox comes out of the well.
7. Who is the visitor?
Ans: The visitor is a goat.
8. What is the fox’s reply?
Ans: The fox replies that the water is very sweet and she had a lot of it.
9. Where is the goat?
Ans: The goat is dragged into the water by the fox.
10. What is the goat thinking?
Ans: The goat is thinking of her mother’s advice not to trust any stranger.
(ii) Write the story in your own words. Give it a title.
Ans: The Cunning Fox and the Foolish Goat
Once a fox fell into a well accidentally. She thought about how to get out of the well. A goat arrived there by chance. She looked into the well. She asked the fox if the water was sweet. The cunning fox played a trick. She told a lie that the water was very, very sweet, and she had had enough of it. The foolish goat also wanted to taste the water. The fox invited her into the well. The goat reached there soon. Now the fox rode on the goat’s back and climbed out of the well. Then she thanked the goat for help. The goat was reminded of her mother’s words that she must never go by the advice of a stranger.
3. Read the following news item.
Based on this news item, write a paragraph on what you think about this new method of teaching history.
Ans: Students, do it yourself.
4. Find the chapters in your history book that correspond to the episodes and events described in this comic. Note how the information contained in a few chapters of history has been condensed to a few pages with the help of pictures and ‘speech bubbles’.
Ans: Students, do it yourself.
5. Create a comic of your own using this story. Once the Sun and the Wind began to quarrel, each one saying that he was stronger than the other. At last they decided to test each other’s strength. A man with a cloak around his shoulders was passing by. The Wind boasted, “Using my strength I can make that man take off the cloak.” The Sun agreed. The Wind blew hard. The man felt so cold that he clasped his cloak round his body as tightly as possible.
Now it was the turn of the Sun which shone very hot indeed. The man felt so hot that he at once removed the cloak from his body. Seeing the man taking off the cloak, the Wind conceded defeat.
Ans: Students, do it yourself.
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