Class 12 Chemistry Important Chapter 14 Biomolecules

Class 12 Chemistry Important Chapter 14 Biomolecules Solutions English Medium As Per The New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Chemistry Important Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Chemistry Additional Notes Download PDF. HS 2nd Year Chemistry Additional Solutions.

Class 12 Chemistry Important Chapter 14 Biomolecules

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Biomolecules

Chapter: 14

PART – II

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. What are anomers? Give an example.

Ans: Anomers are isomers of monosaccharides that differ in configuration at the anomeric carbon (C1 in glucose). For example, α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose differ in the position of the —OH group at C1. These two forms are interconvertible in aqueous solution.

 2. What is meant by the term zwitter ion?

Ans: A zwitter ion is a dipolar ion that contains both a positive and a negative charge but is overall electrically neutral. In aqueous solution, amino acids exist as zwitter ions due to the transfer of a proton from the COOH group to the NH₂ group.

3. What is the difference between glycosidic linkage and peptide bond?

Ans: (i) A glycosidic linkage is a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides through an oxygen atom by the loss of a water molecule.

(ii) A peptide bond is an amide bond formed between the COOH group of one amino acid and the NH₂ group of another.

4. What is meant by denaturation of proteins?

Ans:Denaturation is the loss of a protein’s native structure and biological function due to physical or chemical changes like temperature or pH. While the primary structure remains intact, secondary and tertiary structures are disrupted.

5. Write any five differences between DNA and RNA.

Ans: 

Feature	DNA	RNA
Sugar	2-deoxyribose	Ribose
Nitrogen Bases	Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T)	Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)
Structure	Double-stranded helix	Single-stranded chain
Location	Mainly in nucleus	Found in cytoplasm and nucleus
Function	Carries genetic information	Involved in protein synthesis

6. What is invert sugar?

Ans: Invert sugar is the equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose obtained by hydrolysis of sucrose. It is laevorotatory due to the strong laevorotation of fructose which dominates the dextrorotation of glucose.

7. What is the function of mRNA in cells?

Ans: mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, where it directs the synthesis of proteins.

 8. Name the deficiency disease caused by lack of:

(a) Vitamin C.

Ans: Scurvy (bleeding gums)

(b) Vitamin D.

Ans: Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults

9. Why are enzymes specific in their action?

Ans: Enzymes are highly specific because their active sites have a unique shape that only fits specific substrates, similar to a lock and key model.

10. What is the biological role of carbohydrates?

Ans: Carbohydrates serve as the main energy source in living organisms. They also act as structural components (e.g., cellulose in plants) and are involved in cell recognition and immune functions.