Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 23 Living World and Ecosystem

Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 23 Living World and Ecosystem Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 11 Geography Important Solutions and select need one. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Geography Additional Notes English Medium Download PDF. HS 1st Year Finance Important Solutions in English.

Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 23 Living World and Ecosystem

Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. ASSEB Class 11 Elective Geography Additional Question Answer are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given HS 1st Year Elective Geography Important Notes in English for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Living World and Ecosystem

Chapter: 23

SIXTH UNIT : BIOSPHERE

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer The Following Questions:

1. What is the biosphere?

Ans: The biosphere refers to that part of the Earth where all living beings exist and interact with their non-living environment.

2. Who first used the term “Ecology”?

Ans: The term “Ecology” was first used by Ernst Haeckel.

3. In which year did Ernst Haeckel first use the term “Ecology”?

Ans: Ernst Haeckel first used the term “Ecology” in 1866.

4. What are the two main components of an ecosystem?

Ans: The two main components of an ecosystem are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.

5. Give examples of herbivorous animals.

Ans: Examples of herbivorous animals are cows, deer, and goats — they live by eating plants.

6. What is a food web?

Ans: In a large ecosystem, many food chains are interconnected. The network formed by the interrelationship of these food chains is called a food web.

7. Approximately how many carbon compounds are found in living organisms?

Ans: About five lakh (500,000) carbon compounds are found in living organisms.

8. How many types of components form the ecosystem?

Ans: The ecosystem is mainly composed of two types of components — biotic and abiotic.

9. What is a biome?

Ans: A biome is a large geographical region classified according to the dominant forms of plant and animal life and their environmental conditions.

10. How many essential elements are needed for the nutrition of living beings?

Ans: For the nutrition of living beings, 40 essential elements are required.

Long Question & Answer:

1. What do you mean by the biosphere? Explain its structure and components.

Ans: The biosphere is the part of the Earth where all living organisms exist and interact with the air, water, and land. It is not merely the collection of life but a dynamic, self-regulating system. While the abiotic elements of the Earth remain relatively constant, the living organisms are active and ever-changing. Living beings create organic matter from inorganic substances and ensure energy flow and balance within the environment.

The biosphere is composed of three main levels of components:

(i) Biotic matter: Includes plants, animals, and microorganisms.

(ii) Organic matter: Includes materials produced by living beings like dead bodies, waste, and fallen leaves.

(iii) Biogenic gases: Include gases released by organisms like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

All these ensure the continuity of life, energy flow, and material circulation in nature.

2. Explain the Carbon Cycle.

Ans: Carbon is the primary element that makes up the body of all living organisms. Around five lakh carbon compounds exist in living beings. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere and convert it into carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are transformed into fats, sugars, and proteins, which are then transferred to animals through food.

When animals die or excrete waste, decomposers break down these materials, releasing carbon back into the atmosphere as CO₂. Additionally, respiration also emits CO₂. Thus, the carbon cycle involves the continuous exchange of carbon between living organisms and the atmosphere, completing a gaseous cycle.

3. What are the types of ecosystems? Explain with examples.

Ans: Ecosystems vary according to size, nature, and habitat and are mainly divided into terrestrial and aquatic types.

(i) Terrestrial Ecosystem: Includes forests, grasslands, deserts, savannas, and mountains where organisms adapt according to climatic conditions.

(ii) Aquatic Ecosystem: Divided into marine ecosystems (oceans, seas, coastal areas) and freshwater ecosystems (lakes, ponds, rivers, and wetlands).

Producers like algae, consumers like fish, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria coexist in aquatic systems. The transitional zone between two ecosystems is called an ecotone. Small ecosystems like those formed in hoofprints are called micro-ecosystems, and the global one is known as the global ecosystem.

4. What is the Nitrogen Cycle? How does it function in the ecosystem?

Ans: The nitrogen cycle is a natural process in which nitrogen moves in a circular flow through the environment. Although the atmosphere contains about 78% nitrogen, living beings cannot absorb it directly. Certain microorganisms like Rhizobium, Clostridium, and blue-green algae convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable nitrates and ammonia in the soil — this is known as nitrogen fixation.

Plants absorb these nitrates, and animals obtain nitrogen by eating plants. Decomposers break down dead organisms and waste into nitrates and nitrites. Other bacteria convert these back into nitrogen gas, releasing it into the atmosphere. This maintains nitrogen balance and supports the synthesis of proteins, DNA, and amino acids.