NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Land and Soil Resources

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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Land and Soil Resources

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Land and Soil Resources

Chapter: 14

MODULE – 7: Natural resources, Utilisation and Management

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.1 

1. Name any five types of land use. 

Ans: Forest land, Net sown area, Land not available for cultivation, Fallow land, Other cultivable land excluding fallow land (any 3).

2. Name the land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year. 

Ans: Current Fallow.

3. What are human induced causes for land resource degradation?

Ans: Rapid urbanisation, deforestation, overgrazing, faulty irrigation practices, urban sprawl, pollution from industries, quarrying and mining activities.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.2 

1. What is a soil profile? 

Ans: A soil profile is a vertical cross-section of the soil, made up of many layers running parallel to the surface.

2. The soils of India are broadly divided into how many types? Name them. 

Ans: Six (6); Forest and mountainous soil, alluvial soil, laterite soil, black soil, red soil and desert or arid soil.

3. Based on geographical considerations, Alluvial soil can be subdivided into how many divisions? Name them. 

Ans: Two divisions, named Bangar (older alluvium) and Khadar (newer alluvium).

4. Why the colour of the ‘regur soil’ is generally in black colour? 

Ans: Due to presence of Aluminium and Iron.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.3 

1. What is the soil Health Card (SHC)? 

Ans: Soil Health Card (SHC) is a Government of India’s scheme promoted by the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. It is being implemented through the Department of Agriculture of all the State and Union Territory Governments in India.

2. What are the measures to conserve soils? 

Ans: (i) Planting more trees.

(ii) Using new farming method.

(iii) Reduce river flooding.

(iv) Checking deforestation. (Any 3)

3. In which year SHC was introduced?

Ans: 2015

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. What are the significant features of land utilisation in India?

Ans: The significant features of land utilisation are: 

(a) High percentage of area suitable for cultivation.

(b) Limited scope for further extension of cultivation and.

(c) Small area under pastures despite a large bovine population.

2. Give a brief description of various types of land use in India.

Ans: (i) Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves: This includes all cultivable land which is not included under net area sown, but is put to some agricultural use. Land under casuarina trees, thatching grass, bamboo, bushes, other groves for fuel, etc. which are not included under orchard are classed under this category.

(ii) Forest area: This is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 metres in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems and trees in urban parks and gardens.

(iii) Culturable Waste Land: This includes land available for cultivation, whether taken up or not taken up for cultivation once, but not cultivated during the last five years.

(iv) Land Put to non agricultural Use: This category of land includes barren lands, uncultivable land put to non agricultural uses, land occupied by buildings, roads and railways or under water.

(v) Unculturable Land: This is land which cannot be brought under cultivation except at an exorbitant cost is classified as unculturable whether such land is in isolated blocks or within cultivated holdings.

(vi) Barren land: The land which cannot be used for cultivation is called barren land such as hilly terrains, deserts and ravines etc.

(vii) Current Fallow: This is the land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year.

(viii) Fallow Lands other than Current Fallows: This includes all land which was taken up for cultivation but is temporarily out of cultivation for a period of not less than one year and not more than five years.

(ix) Net sown area: This is the total area sown with crops and orchards. It represents an area in which total crops are grown only once in a year.