NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 15 Forests and Biodiversity

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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 15 Forests and Biodiversity

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Forests and Biodiversity

Chapter: 15

MODULE – 7: Natural resources, Utilisation and Management

INTEXT QUESTIONS 15.1 

1. Name five major types of forest found in India.

Ans: Five major types of forest found in India- 

(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests.

(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests.

(iii) Thorn Forests.

(iv) Tidal Forests and Littoral and Swamp forests.

(v) Himalayan Forests and southern Montane forests.

2. Name four classes of Forest cover given by Forest Survey of India. 

Ans: (i) Very dense.

(ii) Moderately Dense Forest.

(iii) Open forest.

(iv) Scrub.

3. At which height the alpine forest in the Himalayas are found? 

Ans: Alpine Forest found in Himalayas at the height of 3000 to 3800 mts.

4. Name the famous mangrove tree species found in Sundarbans delta. 

Ans: Sundari.

5. What is the Annual Rainfall range in dry and wet (moist) deciduous forest? 

Ans: (i) Dry deciduous forests receive 70 to 100 cm of rainfall annually. 

(ii) Moist deciduous forests receive 100 to 200 cm of rainfall annually.

6. What is the rank of India in flora ranking of the world? 

Ans: India has rich flora ranking 10th in world.

7. How many percent of world’s fauna is found is India’s?

Ans: India is accounting for 6.5 % of world’s fauna.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 15.2 

1. Identify various methods and steps to conserve forests.

Ans: (i) Control Forest fires.

(ii) Regulated and planned cutting of trees.

(iii) Proper utilisation of forests products and forests.

(Iv) Protection of forests.

2. Name the major schemes adopted for afforestation in India.

Ans: (i) National Afforestation Programme (NAP).

(ii) National Mission for a Green India (GIM).

(iii) Forest Fire Prevention and Management Scheme (FFPM).

3. Name the three strategies for conservation and development of forests. 

Ans: (i) Afforestation through natural/ artificial regeneration.

(ii) Protection.

(iii) Management.

4. Full form of following abbreviations.

(i) SMC.

Ans: Soil and moisture conservation.

(ii) JFMC.

Ans: Joint Forest Management Committees.

(iii) FDA.

Ans: Forest Development Agency.

(iv) SFDA.

Ans: State Forest Development Agency.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 15.3 

1. Define Species diversity.

Ans: Species diversity covers the full range of species on earth. includes all species, viruses, bacteria, microbes to animals.

2. Mention the three uses of Biodiversity. 

Ans: Three uses of Biodiversity:

(i) Production.

(ii) Consumption.

(iii) Indirect.

3. Mention Two methods of biodiversity conservation.

Ans: (i) In- situ.

(ii) Ex- situ.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 15.4 

1. How many Hotspots are identified in the world. 

Ans: 36

2. Name the Hotspots found in India. 

Ans: (i) The Himalayas.

(ii) The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka.

(iii) Indo- Burma.

(iv) Sundaland.

3. How many biosphere reserves are in India?

Ans: 15

INTEXT QUESTIONS 15.5 

1. The first step towards Joint Forest Management is called as __________ model introduced in state of _________ in year _________.

Ans: The first step towards Joint Forest Management is called the Arabari model introduced in the state of West Bengal in 1971.

2. The concept of JFM was introduced by the Government of India through National forest policy in the year ____________. 

Ans: 1988.

3. Which state in India has the largest number of JFMC’s and the size of area managed under the JFM scheme.

Ans: Madhya Pradesh has the largest number of 1,228 JFMC’s and forest area 6.69 million hectares.

4. Two example of nomenclature of JFM. 

Ans: (i) Vana Samrakshana Samithi (VSS).

(ii) Van Panchayats.

5. What are various ways through which strengthening JFM is practised in India?

Ans: (i) Legal backup to the JFM committees.

(ii) Women plays an important role in the committees.

(iii) JFM should be extended in good forest areas.

(iv) Micro plan in JFM areas.

(v) Evaluating conservation and biodiversity values of nature.

(vi) Identification and recognition of Self- initiated groups.