Class 12 Biology Important Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications

Class 12 Biology Important Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications Solutions English Medium As Per The New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Biology Important Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Biology Additional Notes Download PDF. HS 2nd Year Biology Additional Solutions.

Class 12 Biology Important Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications

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Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter: 12

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer the Following Question: 

1. Which bacterium is used to produce Bt toxin?

Ans: Bacillus thuringiensis.

2. What is recombinant DNA technology?

Ans: It is a technique of combining DNA from two different sources to create genetically modified organisms.

3. Which rice is genetically engineered to produce vitamin A?

Ans: Golden Rice.

4. What is molecular farming?

Ans: Production of valuable pharmaceuticals using transgenic animals or plants.

5. Which test is used for early diagnosis of infections like HIV?

Ans: ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay).

6. What is the role of GEAC in India?

Ans: The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) is responsible for the approval of genetically modified organisms and their products for commercial use, ensuring their safety for the environment and health.

7. How does ELISA help in disease diagnosis?

Ans: ELISA detects the presence of specific antigens or antibodies in a sample, which helps in diagnosing diseases like HIV, hepatitis, etc., even in early stages.

8. Explain the concept of molecular farming.

Ans:  Molecular farming refers to using genetically modified animals or plants to produce valuable pharmaceutical substances like hormones, enzymes, and vaccines.

9. What is genetically modified organism (GMO)? Mention two advantages of GMOs.

Ans: A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Advantages:

(i) GMOs can be made resistant to pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.

(ii) They can have improved nutritional content (e.g., Golden Rice rich in Vitamin A).

10. What are transgenic animals? Give any two applications.

Ans: Transgenic animals are animals that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome using recombinant DNA technology.

Applications:

(i) Production of therapeutic proteins like antithrombin in milk.

(ii) Studying gene function and disease models in humans.

11. How is recombinant human insulin produced using biotechnology?

Ans:The gene coding for human insulin is inserted into a plasmid vector and introduced into E. coli bacteria. These bacteria then produce insulin, which is extracted and purified. This recombinant insulin is safe, effective, and used to treat diabetes.

12. Explain the steps involved in gene therapy for ADA deficiency.

Ans:(i) Functional ADA gene is isolated.

(ii) It is inserted into a retroviral vector.

(iii) This vector is introduced into lymphocytes of the patient in vitro.

(iv) Modified lymphocytes are reintroduced into the patient’s body to restore immunity.