SEBA Class 10 Social Science Important Chapter 7 Environment and Environmental Problems

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SEBA Class 10 Social Science Important Chapter 7 Environment and Environmental Problems

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Environment and Environmental Problems

Chapter: 7

Part – II: Geography

IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER

VERY SHORT ANSWER

1. What constitutes physical or natural environment?

Ans. Abiotic elements, viz. land, water and air.

2. What is known as cold desert?

Ans. Snow-covered areas of the polar region. 

3. Which part of India is greatly affected by desertification? 

Ans. North-western part of India.

4. Which greenhouse gas contributes most towards global warming?

Ans. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

5. Name the gases which are added to the atmosphere due to increased use of fossil fuels.

Ans. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO₂), hydrocarbon (HC), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), etc.

6. What are the components of environment? 

Ans. Biotic elements and abiotic elements.

7. Give examples of biotic elements of environment.

Ans. Plants and animals.

8. Give examples of abiotic elements of environment.

Ans. Land, water, air, etc.

9. What are the major spheres of the earth that determine its environment?

Ans. Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.

10. What is lithosphere?

Ans. Lithosphere is defined as the land component of the earth such as rocks, minerals, etc. 

11. The characteristics of lithosphere and its change in course of time is dependent on three components of the earth’s environmental system. What are they?

Ans. Hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. 

12. What are the components of earth’s hydrosphere?

Ans. Seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, etc. 

13. What are the components of the earth’s atmosphere? 

Ans. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, argon, etc.

14. How many species of plants and animals have been identified in the biosphere so far? 

Ans. 1.75 millions.

15. Which factors are responsible for the rapid change of the earth’s environment?

Ans. Urbanization, industrialization, population growth, expansion of transport and communication, etc. 

16. Which factors have negative impact on biosphere and atmosphere?

Ans. Shrinkage in forest cover, wetlands, etc.

17. How does carbon dioxide help to maintain. favourable temperature condition for life existence? 

Ans. By absorbing the solar energy reflected from the earth’s surface. 

18. The carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere has increased in recent times. State why? 

Ans. Because of the increasing trend of use of fossil fuel in the industries and transport vehicles.

19. The environmental problems are geographically classified into three different groups. What are they? 

Ans. Local problems, regional problems and global problems.

20. Give an example of global problem. 

Ans. Global warming. 

21. Give an example of local problem.

Ans. Shortage of water during winter due to shallowing of a wetland. 

22. Give an example of regional problem.

Ans. Underground water scarcity in urban areas. 

23. What is the root cause of environmental problems? 

Ans. Overgrowing human activities. 

24. Give some examples of environmental problems. 

Ans. Pollution, soil erosion, global warming, artificial flood, landslide, rise of sea level, etc.

25. What are the types of pollution? 

Ans. Land pollution, air pollution and water pollution.

26. What are the main causes of land pollution? 

Ans. Industrial wastes, acid rain, poisonous metals, radioactive substances, etc. 

27. What is the percentage of carbon dioxide in air? 

Ans. 0.035%.

28. Name a natural factor that contributes towards air pollution.

Ans. Volcanic eruption.

29. In which year did the eruption of Mount Pinatubo take place? 

Ans. In 1991. 

30. Name some man-made factors that cause air pollution. 

Ans. Growth of vehicular traffic, urbanisation, growth of industries, nuclear explosions, etc. 

31. Where did the industrial revolution begin? 

Ans. In Europe.

32. The increasing use of fossil fuel has added harmful gases to the atmosphere. Can you name these harmful gases?

Ans. Hydrocarbon (HC), Sulphur dioxide (SO₂), Nitrogen Oxide (NO₂), Carbon monoxide (CO), etc.

33. State one consequence of atmospheric pollution.

Ans. Occurence of acid rain.

34. When does acid rain occur? 

Ans. When there is maximum concentration of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere.

35. Name some places which are highly affected by acid rain.

Ans. United States of America, Eastern Canada and West Europe. 

36. Why does the river water get polluted? 

Ans. Due to the industrial and urban wastes generated in the towns, cities and industries located on the banks of the river. 

37. Name a sacred river of India which is now badly polluted. 

Ans. The Ganga. 

38. Why does the ocean water get polluted?

Ans. Due to the dumping of industrial wastes and accidents of the oil ships.

39. Write a demerit of desertification.

Ans. By the process of desertification, the fertile areas get converted into deserts.

40. What are the natural factors that lead to desertification? 

Ans. Drought and global warming.