Class 12 Logic and Philosophy Important Chapter 2 Grounds of Induction

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Class 12 Logic and Philosophy Important Chapter 2 Grounds of Induction

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Grounds of Induction

Chapter: 2

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer the Following Questions:

1. What is the aim of induction?

Ans: To establish a general real proposition based on the observation of particular instances.

2. What are the two types of grounds of induction?

Ans: Formal grounds and material grounds.

3. What are the formal grounds of induction?

Ans: Law of Uniformity of Nature and Law of Causation.

4. What are the material grounds of induction?

Ans: Observation and experiment.

5. What does the Law of Uniformity of Nature state?

Ans: Under similar circumstances, nature behaves in the same way.

6. Who called the Law of Uniformity of Nature as the ultimate major premise of all induction?

Ans: John Stuart Mill.

7. What is meant by the paradox of induction?

Ans: It refers to the contradiction where the ground of induction is itself the result of induction.

8. What are the two forms of Uniformity of Nature?

Ans: Uniformity of co-existence and uniformity of succession.

9. Why is observation considered a material ground of induction?

Ans: Because it supplies factual data necessary for forming general conclusions.

10. According to Mill, what establishes the general principle of Uniformity of Nature?

Ans: Uncontradicted experience or simple enumeration.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Induction depends on two types of grounds: formal and __________ grounds.

Ans: Material.

2. The Law of Uniformity of Nature is a __________ ground of induction.

Ans: Formal.

3. The conclusion of unscientific induction is always __________.

Ans: Probable.

4. Observation and __________ are material grounds of induction.

Ans: Experiment.

5. Mill refers to the Uniformity of Nature as the ultimate __________ of all induction.

Ans: Major premise.