Class 11 Health Care Chapter 5 Maintaining Safe, Healthy and Secure Environment

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Class 11 Health Care Chapter 5 Maintaining Safe, Healthy and Secure Environment

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Maintaining Safe, Healthy and Secure Environment

Chapter – 5

SESSION 1: PRINCIPLES AND RLES OF FIRST AID

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The major emergencies, usually, occurring in hospitals are due to fire, security problems and _____________.

(a) Road accidents.

(b) Drowning.

(c) Electrical shock.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Electrical shock.

2. A General Duty Assistant must be trained in fire prevention, for the use of fire alarm and to locate _____________.

(a) Electrician.

(b) Emergency exits.

(c) Trees.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (b) Emergency exits.

3. If oxygen knob is on, then ____________ is prohibited.

(a) Sleeping.

(b) Eating.

(c) Smoking.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Smoking.

B. Short Answer Questions:

1. Enumerate the fire safety measures to be followed in hospitals.

Ans: Hospital fire safety measures are important and must be followed at all times:

(a) Despite the use of fire-resistant material and compliance with regulations, fire accidents still happen. Health care organisations must have regular fire drills so that all personnel working there know exactly what to do.

Health care personnel, like a General Duty Assistant, must be trained in:

(i) Fire prevention.

(ii) Location and use of fire alarms.

(iii) Location and use of fire extinguishers.

(iv) Location of emergency exits.

(v) Evacuation procedures.

(b) Oxygen supports combustion. Posters showing that oxygen is in use must be pasted wherever applicable. If a patient is being administered oxygen, ensure that the patient, her/his roommates and visitors are aware that smoking is prohibited in the area.

(c) In case of a fire, follow these steps:

(i) Activate the fire alarm procedures.

(ii) Turn off the oxygen knob, lights and all other electrical equipment in the vicinity of the fire.

(iii) Evacuate patients who are in danger.

(iv) Signboards, notifying ‘switchboards’ in a hospital, must be prominent, along with glow signboards of fire extinguishers.

(v) Close windows and doors to stop ventilation.

(vi) Use a fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire.

(vii) Ask patients, who are not at risk, to return to their respective rooms.

2. Describe the environment safety measures that need to be adopted for patient care.

Ans: The environment safety measures to be followed for patient care are as follows:

(a) Identify patients at risk for injury.

Those at risk specifically may include:

(i) Elderly or mentally ill patients.

(ii) Patients with impaired vision or hearing.

(iii) Patients with impaired mobility (wheelchairs, walkers and partial paralysis).

(iv) Patients with a history of falls.

(v) Patients with a history of substance abuse.

(vi) Patients receiving medication that interferes with motor-neuron functions.

(b) Protect patients at risk from injuries.

(c) Prevent falls by:

(i) Placing the bed at a lower position.

(ii) Keeping the bedside railing up when the patient is not receiving bedside care.

(iii) Advising the patient to wear low-heeled shoes when walking.

(iv) Ensuring that non-skid strips or mats are affixed near bathtubs and shower areas.

(v) Ensuring that bathtubs have supporting handrails in place.

(vi) Warning patients and visitors when floors are wet and slippery.

(vii) Signboards must be placed at the time of housekeeping.

(d) Prevent patients from burns caused by hot liquids.

(i) Placing coffee, tea, and other hot liquids on a table where the patient can reach easily and safely.

(ii) Carefully following the prescribed norms when using hot water bags or heating pads as many health care facilities do not allow their use because of the danger of burning patients.

(e) Prevent the spread of infections. A hospital or a health care facility may follow its own policies to control infections. However, the procedures, generally, followed by and large are those recommended by the Center for Disease Control (CDC), a US agency that studies various pathogenic organisms, spread of contagious diseases and methods used to control the spread of infections.

Some of the preventive tips are as follows:

(i) Preventing diseases due to infections is a priority in hospital care services. A General Duty Assistant must use disinfection and sterilisation techniques that prevent the spread and growth of microorganisms.

(ii) Two methods are used to eliminate the presence of microorganisms, and thus, prevent infections. These two methods are ‘surgical’ and ‘medical’ asepsis.

3. List the electrical safety measures to be followed in hospitals.

Ans: The electrical safety measures to be followed in hospitals:

(i) Use electrical equipment for the intended purpose only.

(ii) Keep television sets and all other electrical equipment and appliances away from bathtubs and washbasins.

(iii) Check all small appliances before use to ensure that they are maintained and in working order. Ensure periodic maintenance of all electrical equipment and appliances.

(iv) Remove a plug from the wall socket by holding the plug and not the cord.

(v) Do not overload an electrical outlet point.

(vi) Never use faulty equipment. If an appliance overheats, produces shock or gives an odour while being used, remove it from the area. Follow procedures to have the appliance evaluated by maintenance staff.