Class 11 Biology Important Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Class 11 Biology Important Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 11 Biology Important Solutions and select need one. AHSEC Class 11 Biology Additional Notes English Medium Download PDF. HS 1st Year Biology Important Solutions in English.

Class 11 Biology Important Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Chapter: 14

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Very Short and Short Answer Type Question:

1. What is the role of epiglottis?

Ans: Epiglottis is thin elastic cartilaginous flap over glottis to prevent entry of food into the larynx.

2. What prevents the collapse of trachea?

Ans. The trachea is supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings.

3. Why larynx is called sound box?

Ans. Larynx is cartilaginous and helps in sound production. Hence called sound box.

4. What is the role of oxyhaemo-globin after releasing molecular oxygen in the tissue?

Ans. After releasing molecular oxygen, globin part of oxyhaemoglobin combines with CO₂ to form carbaminohaemoglobin.

5. Name some organisms where cutaneous respiration is found.

Ans. Earthworm, Leeches, Frog.

6. State two types of TB.

Ans: (i) Pulmonary TB, (ii) Lymph gland TB.

7. Write the names of the respiratory organs present in human beings.

Ans. The respiratory organs of humans are nostrils, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.

8. Define inspiratory reserve volume.

Ans. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): It is defined as the extra volume of air that can be inspired beyond normal tidal volume and it is app. 2500-3000 ml. of air.

9. What is the percentage of O2 in the inspired and expired air?

Ans. Inspired air 21 percent O₂ and expired air 16 percent O₂.

10. What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in RBCs?

Ans. About 70% of CO reacts with water to form carbonic acid in RBCs in the presence of enzyme carbonic anhydrase. CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃

11. Define vital capacity.

Ans. Vital capacity is the volume of air breathed out by a maximum forceful expiration.

12. What is epiglottis ?

Ans. It is structure situated in the pharyngeal region, the function of which is to close the open trachea during food swallowing so that food particles should not enter the respiratory tract.

13. Name the blood vessel which supplies blood to alveolar capillaries. What are the values of PO, and PCO, in the blood of the vessel?

Ans. Pulmonary artery carrying blood with PO₂ equal to 40 mm Hg and PCO₂ to 46 mm Hg.

14. What is the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?

Ans: Hemoglobin (Hb) plays a crucial role in oxygen transport by binding to oxygen in the lungs and releasing it in tissues. Hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen in the lungs (where pO₂ is high) and forms oxyhemoglobin. As blood flows to tissues (where pO₂ is low), hemoglobin releases oxygen for use in cellular processes. This reversible binding ensures efficient oxygen delivery to all cells in the body.

15. What is meant by chloride shift? Where does it occur in human body? What is its utility?

Ans. Chloride shift: The diffusion of Cl-ions from blood plasma into the RBCs is known as chloride shift.

(a) Occurs from plasma to RBCs (eryth-rocytes) in human body.

(b) Utility of chloride shift: To maintain ionic balance and electrochemical neutrality.