NIOS Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Thermodynamics Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Thermodynamics Notes in English and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Physics Solutions English Medium Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Physics Notes Paper Code: 312.
NIOS Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Thermodynamics
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Thermodynamics
Chapter: 11
| Module – III: Thermal Physics |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.1
1. Fill in the blanks:
(i) Zeroth law of thermodynamics provides the basis for the concept of _________.
Ans: Temperature.
(ii) If a system A is in thermal equilibrium with a system B and B is in thermal equilibrium with another system C, then system A will also be in thermal equilibrium with system __________.
Ans: C.
(iii) The unit of heat is _____________.
Ans: Joule or Calorie.
2. Fig. 11.3 is an indicator diagram of a thermodynamic process. Calculate the work done by the system in the process:
(a) along the path ABC from A to C
(b) If the system is returned from C to A along the same path, how much work is done by the system.
Ans: (a) Given: Initial volume = V₁
Final volume = V₂
Final pressure = P₂
Work done by the system = Area under the curve from A to C
= P₂ × (V₂ − V₁)
(b) If the system is returned from C to A along the same path (in the opposite direction):
Work done by the system = –P₂ × (V₂ − V₁)
3. Fill in the blanks:
(i) A reversible process is that which can be _________ in the opposite direction from its final state to its initial state.
Ans: Retrace.
(ii) An _________ process is that which cannot be retraced along the same equilibrium states from final state to the initial state.
Ans: Irreversible.
4. State the basic difference between isothermal and adiabatic processes.
Ans: An isothermal process occurs at a constant temperature whereas an adiabatic process occurs without any heat exchange at constant heat.
5. State one characteristic of the triple point.
Ans: At triple point all three states of matter i.e. solid, liquid and vapour can co-exist.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.2
1. Fill in the blanks:
(i) The total of kinetic energy and potential energy of molecules of a system is called its _________.
Ans: Internal energy.
(ii) Work done = –W indicates that work is done _____________ the system.
Ans: On.
2. The first law of thermodynamics states that _____________.
Ans: It states that the amount of heat given to a system is equal to the sum of the change in internal energy of the system and the external work done.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.3
1. State whether the following statements are true or false.
(i) In a Carnot engine, when heat is taken by a perfect gas from a hot source, the temperature of the source decreases.
Ans: False.
(ii) In Carnot engine, if temperature of the sink is decreased the efficiency of engine also decreases.
Ans: True.
2. (i) A Carnot engine has the same efficiency between 1000K and 500K and between TK and 1000K. Calculate T.
Ans: Given: T₁ = 1000K
T₂ = 500K
T (unknown high temperature)
Let efficiency between 1000K and 500K be η₁ and between T and 1000K be η₂
η₁ = 1 − (500/1000) = 0.5
η₂ = 1 − (1000/T)
Both efficiencies are equal, so:
0.5 = 1 − (1000/T)
0.5 = 1 − (1000/T)
1000/T = 0.5
T = 1000 / 0.5
= 2000K
T = 2000 K
(ii) A Carnot engine working between an unknown temperature T and ice point gives an efficiency of 0.68. Deduce the value of T.
Ans: Given: Efficiency η = 0.68
Lower temperature = ice point (273K)
Upper temperature = T
Efficiency of Carnot engine:
η = 1 − (273/T)
0.68 = 1 − (273/T)
273/T = 1 − 0.68
= 0.32
T = 273/0.32
= 853.125 K
T = 853.1 K
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