NCERT Class 7 English Chapter 4 Travel and Adventure

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NCERT Class 7 English Chapter 4 Travel and Adventure

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Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. CBSE Class 7 English Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Class 7 English Chapter 4 Travel and Adventure Notes and Textbook for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Travel and Adventure

Chapter: 4

The Tunnel

LET US DO THESE ACTIVITIES BEFORE WE READ

I. What kind of an adventure activity would you like to be a part of? Now, choose the option(s) that best applies to you.

1. How would you like to spend your weekends?

(i) Trying new activities.

(ii) Reading a book.

(iii) Spending time with friends.

(iv) Learning something new.

Ans: (iv) Learning something new.

2. Which of these places would you prefer to explore?

(i) Dense forests and clear streams.

(ii) Magical lands with fairies.

(iii) Busy cities with interesting people.

(iv) Quiet places to think and create.

Ans: (iv) Quiet places to think and create.

3. Which one of these activities would you prefer to do?

(i) Climbing a mountain or exploring a jungle.

(ii) Finding a hidden treasure or discovering a secret world.

(iii) Solving puzzles or guessing riddles with friends.

(iv) Making something creative or building a model.

Ans: (iv) Making something creative or building a model.

4. What do you think about teamwork?

(i) I love leading the team.

(ii) I enjoy working with others.

(iii) I prefer sharing ideas with friends.

(iv) I like working alone.

Ans: (ii) I enjoy working with others.

Based on your choices, which of the following do you think applies the best to you? Discuss with your classmates. 

• Bold Explorer.

• Energetic Planner.

• Imaginative Dreamer.

• Thoughtful Creator.

You may add to the list as per your choices.

Ans: Energetic Planner.

1. Suraj compares the train to a magical creature.

Pick the phrases that convey the meaning.

Ans: “Some green, black, and gold dragon”

“Some beautiful monster out of Suraj’s dreams”.

2. Suraj knew that the train was close by because _________.

Ans: He heard the shrill whistle of the engine and then the distant thunder from the tunnel. 

3. What did Suraj see inside the tunnel?

Ans: Suraj saw damp and sticky walls. He also saw a bat fly past and a lizard scuttling between the lines.

4. Select the correct option.

What does Sunder Singh convey about the tunnel? He says that ___________ (it is damp and sticky inside/he has lent it to the Government).

Ans: He says that he has lent it to the Government.

5. The watchman has created a system through which he informs the locomotive driver about any danger in the tunnel. The following flow chart shows this system. Refer to the text and complete the flow chart.

Ans: (i) Walks the length of the tunnel.

(ii) No danger found.

(iii) Goes to take a nap.

(iv) Danger found.

(v) Waves his lamp to warn the locomotive driver.

6. Sunder Singh knew that the leopard was in the tunnel because ____________.

Ans: Sunder Singh knew that the leopard was in the tunnel because it made a sound, like a rhythmic sawing sound, which indicated the presence of the leopard.

7. Why do you think Suraj was unable to do any shouting in the tunnel in the beginning?

(i) He was afraid of the leopard.

(ii) He didn’t want to disturb the leopard.

(iii) He was trying to listen for the leopard.

(iv) He didn’t really believe Sunder Singh.

Ans: (iii) He was trying to listen for the leopard.

8. What made the leopard disappear into the darkness?

Ans: The leopard disappeared into the darkness when Suraj and Sunder Singh shouted together, making the leopard uncertain and frightened.

9. How did Suraj know Sunder Singh was at the tunnel?

Ans: Suraj knew Sunder Singh was at the tunnel because he saw the lamp, even though he couldn’t see Sunder Singh himself.

10. Why did Suraj’s father take him along to Delhi?

Ans: Suraj’s father took him along to Delhi because he wanted Suraj to learn something about his business.

I. Read the following lines and answer the questions that follow.

1. Suraj had to turn and look back at the opening to reassure himself that there was still daylight outside. Ahead of him, the tunnel’s other opening was just a small round circle of light. 

The tunnel was still full of smoke from the train, but it would be several hours before another train came through. Till then, the cutting belonged to the jungle again. 

Suraj didn’t stop, because there was nothing to do in the tunnel and nothing to see. He had simply wanted to walk through, so that he would know what the inside of a tunnel was really like.

(i) Write whether the following statement is true or false. 

Suraj looked back at the opening of the tunnel to check if the train was coming. 

Ans: False.

(ii) Choose the correct option to complete the sentence given below. 

Suraj did not stop anywhere in the tunnel because ____________.

(a) There was nothing to see in the tunnel.

(b) The tunnel was damp and sticky.

(c) He was in a hurry to get out of the tunnel.

(d) It was time for another train to come.

Ans: (a) There was nothing to see in the tunnel.

(iii) What does the sentence ‘Till then, the cutting belonged to the jungle again’ mean?

Ans: The sentence means that until the next train arrives, the area around the tunnel, including the cutting, becomes quiet and peaceful, returning to its natural state, where the jungle and wildlife take over the space once again.

(iv) Suraj wanted to know the inside of the tunnel. What character trait of Suraj is highlighted here?

Ans: Suraj’s curiosity and adventurous spirit are highlighted here, as he wanted to experience what the inside of a tunnel was really like.

2. “The train will soon be here,” said Suraj.

“Yes, my friend. And if we don’t drive the leopard out of the tunnel, it will be run over and killed. I can’t let that happen.”

“But won’t it attack us if we try to drive it out?” asked Suraj, beginning to share the watchman’s concern.

“Not this leopard. It knows me well. We have seen each other many times. It has a weakness for goats and stray dogs, but it will not harm us. Even so, I’ll take my axe with me. You stay here, Suraj.”

(i) What was the watchman’s concern?

Ans: The watchman’s concern was that the leopard inside the tunnel would be run over and killed by the approaching train.

(ii) Complete the sentence with a suitable reason.

Sunder Singh was sure that the leopard in the tunnel would not attack him and Suraj because _____________.

Ans: Because the leopard knew him well, and they had seen each other many times before.

(iii) Select the sentences that are true from those given below.

(a) Suraj wants to see the leopards in the jungle.

(b) Suraj is concerned about Sunder Singh’s safety.

(c) The leopard in the tunnel attacks goats and stray dogs.

(d) Sunder Singh wants to protect Suraj.

(e) Sunder Singh knows all about the animals in the jungle.

Ans: (c) The leopard in the tunnel attacks goats and stray dogs.

(d) Sunder Singh wants to protect Suraj.

(e) Sunder Singh knows all about the animals in the jungle.

(iv) Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.

Sunder Singh decides to take his axe with him. This tells us that he was ___________.

(a) Violent.

(b) Cautious.

(c) Bold.

(d) Afraid.

Ans: (b) Cautious.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. What does Sunder Singh convey by saying that he has lent his tunnel to the Government?

Ans: When Sundar Singh says that he has lent his tunnel to the government, it means that even though the tunnel is government property, he takes care of it as his own responsibility. This shows his dedication and pride towards his duty.

2. According to Sunder Singh, “It is safer in the forest than in the town”. What example does Sunder Singh give to support his opinion? What does this tell us about him?

Ans: Sunder Singh says that the jungle is safer than the city because when he went to the city, he narrowly escaped being run over by a bus, whereas he never had any accident while living in the jungle. This shows that Sundar Singh feels more secure and comfortable in the jungle. It also shows that he is deeply connected to the life of the jungle.

3. Sunder Singh has become part of the jungle life. Support the view with a suitable reason.

Ans: Sunder Singh has become a part of the life of the jungle as he is well acquainted with the sounds, sights and creatures of the jungle. He is not afraid of the presence of leopards and other animals. He is well-acclimated in the jungle environment and is always ready to face the challenges that come in the jungle.

4. Sunder Singh and Suraj form an unlikely friendship. What draws them together?

Ans: The reason for the unexpected friendship between Sunder Singh and Suraj is the curiosity and adventurous nature of both. Both have a keen interest in the jungle and trains. Sunder Singh’s hospitable behaviour and Suraj’s exploratory nature form a bridge of friendship between them.

5. Why is Sunder Singh referred to as a ‘firefly’?

Ans: Sunder Singh is called ‘Firefly’ because just as a firefly spreads light in the darkness, in the same way Sunder Singh illuminates the entrance of the tunnel through his lantern.  His presence in the darkness of the forest is as a guide for the train and the passengers. This simile shows his small but important contribution.

6. Do you think Suraj is an adventure-loving boy? Give reasons.

Ans: Yes, Suraj is a courageous boy. He cycles through the forest to see the train and shows courage to walk alone inside the tunnel. His decision to go into the tunnel with Sundar Singh to chase away the leopard also shows his adventurous and curious nature. These incidents show that Suraj has a passion for adventure and risk taking.

I. Complete the following sentences using the suitable phrases from the text given in the box below.

1. We could hear the ______________ of the train long before it came into view at the station. 

Ans: We could hear the approaching engine of the train long before it came into view at the station.

2. The street was completely dark but the little boy walked to his house guided by the _____________ from the houses.

Ans: The street was completely dark but the little boy walked to his house guided by the flickering lights from the houses.

3. The _____________ from the carpenter’s workshop grew louder every hour.

Ans: The saving sound from the carpenter’s workshop grew louder every hour.

4. From the balcony, she watched the _______________ from her neighbour’s chimney float across the backyard.

Ans: From the balcony, she watched the drifting smoke from her neighbour’s chimney float across the backyard.

II. The text has many ‘sound words’. Some of these words are given in Column 1 and their meanings are given in Column 2. Match the words with their meanings. You can use a dictionary.

Ans:

Now, complete the sentences given below by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the sound words given in Column 1. 

1. The steam engine reached the station _______________ black smoke into the sky. 

Ans: Puffing.

2. Suddenly the snake raised its hood and made a _____________ noise. 

Ans: Hissing.

3. When the wind blew, I heard the _______________ of the wooden roof.

Ans: Creaking.

4. He heard a ______________ of leaves behind him when he was walking in the woods.

Ans: Rustle.

5. I get disturbed by the continuous ________________ of the monkeys in the neighbourhood.

Ans: Chatter.

III. Read what the watchman Sunder Singh did regularly at the tunnel as part of his duty. Notice the use of ‘would’.

Every day, before the train came through, he would walk the length of the tunnel. If all was well, he would return to his hut and take a nap. If something was wrong, he would walk back up the line and wave a red flag and the engine driver would slow down. At night, the watchman lit an oil lamp and made a similar inspection of the tunnel.

1. Why is the word ‘would’ used here?

(i) To make a polite request.

(ii) To express a desire.

(iii) To talk about a habit in the past.

Ans: (iii) To talk about a habit in the past.

In these sentences, the word ‘would’ is used to speak about a past habit.

2. Complete the sentences using the verb in brackets with the correct form of ‘used to’ or ‘would’. An example has been done for you.

When I was a child we used to live in a village near a forest. Back then, we (i) _____________ (grow) vegetables in our back garden. Every day we (ii) _____________ (get up) early and go for a walk. The weather in summer (iii) _____________ (be) really nice. There was a lake near the house and we (iv) _____________ (go) there every Sunday for a picnic. Winters (v) _____________ (be) rather cold. In the evenings, my father (vi) _____________ (tell) us incredible stories and we (vii) _____________ (listen) with admiration.

Ans: When I was a child, we used to live in a village near a forest. Back then, (i) we used to grow vegetables in our back garden. (ii) Every day we would get up early and go for a walk. (iii) The weather in summer used to be really nice. (iv) There was a lake near the house, and we would go there every Sunday for a picnic. (v) Winters used to be rather cold. (vi) In the evenings, my father would tell us incredible stories, and we (vii) would listen with admiration.

IV. We use punctuation marks to make our writing clear. You already know how to use full stops and commas. Let us look at three more punctuation marks—brackets, semicolon, and colon.

Colon (:) is used to introduce a list or an explanation.

• You need the following ingredients to make Ela Ada: ghee, coconut, jaggery, and rice flour. 

• He has one goal: to win the championship. 

Semicolon (;) is used to connect two clauses which are closely related without a conjunction. 

• She loves reading; he prefers watching movies. 

• Suraj followed close behind; but he found he was unable to do any shouting. 

Now, use semicolons and colons to punctuate the following paragraph.

Ans: We explored the busy by-lanes of Charminar, the heart of Hyderabad; it was an exciting day. We wanted to do a few things: buy bangles, taste biryani, and purchase pearl earrings, which are special to this area. As we walked through the lanes, we saw stalls selling spices, clothes, and jewellery; the market was full of colours. We visited some famous spots: Charminar, Golconda Fort, Salar Jung Museum, and Chowmahalla Palace; each place was beautiful.

Write a descriptive paragraph about your experience of a train journey. Describe the sights, sounds, and feelings you experienced during the journey. Include details about the people around you, the scenery outside, and the atmosphere inside the train to make your paragraph vivid and engaging. 

You may use the following guidelines to help you create the paragraph. 

• Start with how the journey began: boarding the train, finding your seat, and the initial impressions. 

• Describe the sounds: the whistle of the train, the chatter of passengers, and the rhythmic clatter of wheels on the tracks. 

• Mention the sights: the changing scenery outside the window, the hustle and bustle inside the train, and any interesting moments. 

• Reflect on your feelings: Were you excited, relaxed, or curious? How did the journey make you feel overall?

Ans: Rail travel is always exciting and memorable. My journey began with boarding the train at the station. The crowd, the noise of the passengers and the whistle of the train made the atmosphere lively. I found a seat and sat near the window. As the train started, the sound of the wheels and the bustle of the passengers increased the pleasure of the journey.

It was pleasant to see the changing scenery outside the window – green fields, high mountains and small villages. The waving of the children and the flowing rivers along the way were pleasing to the mind. Inside, the passengers were talking, some were reading books. The vendors of the train were seen selling food items.

There was happiness and enthusiasm in the mind during the journey. There was a unique music in the speed of the train and the rhythm of the wheels. This journey was very special and enjoyable for me.

I. The main ideas of each stanza of the poem are given below. Write the number of the stanza against the matching main idea.

1. At night, the speaker imagines the train and hears its engine in the quiet. 

Ans: Stanza (iii).

2. The speaker feels a strong desire to take any train, no matter where it goes.

Ans: Stanza (ii).

3. The speaker hears the train whistle during the day, even though the train is far away. 

Ans: Stanza (i).

II Read the poem and underline the rhyming words in each stanza. Write the rhyming words from each stanza. An example has been done for you.

1. Stanza (i): 

Ans: Away-day.

2. Stanza (ii): 

Ans: Train – plain.

3. Stanza (iii): 

Ans: Night – light.

III Identify the rhyme scheme of the poem from the options given below. 

(i) AABB.

(ii) ABCA.

(iii) ABAB.

(iv) ABBC.

Ans: (i) AABB.

IV. Identify the word in the poem that personifies the whistle of the train. 

Ans: “Calling”.

V. Tone refers to the attitude the poet has about the poem. Which of these words can be used to describe the poet’s tone in this poem?

Ans: Curious: The poet is curious about the destinations of the trains.

Thoughtful: The poem reflects on longing and the desire to explore.

Enthusiastic: The poet expresses a willingness to take any train, regardless of its destination.

Content: The poet values the friendships made, but still feels an urge to explore new places.

VI. Select the words that tell us what the train symbolises for the poet. 

(i) Education.

(ii) Adventure. 

(iii) Comfort. 

(iv) Opportunities.

Ans: (ii) Adventure.

(iv) Opportunities.

VII. Complete the following by choosing the correct option from those given in brackets.

The poet repeats the line, ‘…there isn’t a train goes by,’ in all three stanzas to _______. (highlight the speaker’s fascination with the train/suggest that the area has many trains passing through).

Ans: The repetition of the line in all three stanzas emphasizes the poet’s deep longing and constant thoughts about the train, reflecting a sense of curiosity and a desire to travel.

VIII. The poem contrasts the busy day with the stillness of the night. What is the common factor in these?

Ans: The common factor is the presence of the train’s sound or image in both day and night. During the day, the train’s whistle is heard amidst the noisy environment, while at night, the train’s cinders and engine sounds break the quietness. In both situations, the train remains a constant part of the poet’s imagination.

IX. Imagery is a literary device that uses descriptive language to create mental pictures and appeal to the reader’s senses (sight, sound, smell, taste and touch). It makes the descriptions more relatable.

Select the phrases from the poem that are examples of imagery. One example is given: day is loud.

Ans: Whistle shrieking (sound).

Cinders red on the sky (sight).

Engine steaming (sound and sight).

Warm with the friends I make (touch/feeling).

Night is still for sleep and dreaming (sound/feeling).

I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. My heart is warm with the friends I make, And better friends I’ll not be knowing… 

(i) Choose the suitable option to complete the following. The line ‘My heart is warm’ refers to a heart that is __________. 

(a) Filled with worries.

(b) Full of love.

(c) Feeling upset.

(d) Experiencing anger.

Ans: (b) Full of love.

(ii) What does the speaker say about her current friends?

Ans: The speaker expresses a deep fondness for her current friends, implying that they are valuable and cherished. She feels that the friends she has made are among the best she could ever have.

(iii) What does the line ‘better friends I’ll not be knowing’ suggest about the speaker’s feelings toward their current friends?

Ans: The line suggests that the speaker is content and grateful for her current friends, believing that no future friends could be better than the ones she already has. It reflects her deep appreciation and loyalty towards them.

(iv) Complete the following suitably.

The tone of the speaker in these lines is ______. (grateful/content) 

Ans: Grateful.

II. Answer the following questions. 

1. What does the phrase ‘cinders red on the sky’ tell us about the train at night? 

Ans: This phrase tells that the sparks or embers coming out of the train engine at night create a red glow in the sky. This scene symbolizes the sparks rising from the engine during the passing of the train, which spread a red aura in the dark sky.

2. What is the significance of the repeated references to the train’s whistle? 

Ans: The repeated mention of the train whistle reflects the poet’s deep craving for travel and adventure. The loud and continuous sound of the whistle reflects the poet’s restless soul, which reveals his intense desire to explore new places and experience travel.

3. What does the line ‘no matter where it’s going’ reveal about the speaker’s attitude towards travel? 

Ans: This line reflects the poet’s enthusiastic and adventurous attitude towards travel. For the poet, the destination is not important, but the experience of travel is important.  This line shows that the poet is not bothered by the uncertain destination of the journey, rather the process of the journey itself is exciting.

4. Do you think the poet actually sees and hears the train? Why or why not?

Ans: No, the poet does not actually see and hear the train. The poem expresses the poet’s imagination and his desire to travel. The poet’s heart and mind are so immersed in the thought of travel that he hears the train whistle all the time and feels the presence of the train. It is an emotional and imaginary experience, not a real one.

I. Read the expressions from the poem given in Column 1 and match them with what they indicate in Column 2.

Ans:

Now, use the expressions in Column 1 to fill in the following blanks correctly.

1. After meeting her old friend, her __________ with the joy of rekindled memories.

Ans: Heart is warm.

2. As I arrived at the railway station I could hear the __________.

Ans: Engine steaming.

3. The marketplace is bustling, and the __________ with the chatter of shoppers and vendors.

Ans: Day is loud.

4. The bonfire glowed brightly, throwing __________ into the dark night sky.

Ans: Cinders red.

5. The sound of a train could still be heard __________ as the evening grew quiet.

Ans: Miles away.

II. The poet uses the word ‘shrieking’ to tell us about the sound of the train’s whistle. There are other words that tell us about different types of related sounds. 

Read the meanings of such words in Column 1 and match them with the words in Column 2. You may use a dictionary. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

Ans:

Now, complete the following paragraph by using suitable words from Column 2. 

The street was filled with a variety of sounds. A shopkeeper was 1. ______ to attract customers, while a child nearby was 2. _______ at his friend to wait for him. From the other side of the road, a toddler was 3. ________ uncontrollably after dropping his ice cream, and his mother tried to calm him as he began 4. _________ softly. In the background, someone’s loud 5. _________ voice added to the bustling noise of the busy evening.

Ans: The street was filled with a variety of sounds. A shopkeeper was 1. hollering to attract customers, while a child nearby was 2. yelling at his friend to wait for him. From the other side of the road, a toddler was 3. bawling uncontrollably after dropping his ice cream, and his mother tried to calm him as he began 4. whimpering softly. In the background, someone’s loud 5. screaming voice added to the bustling noise of the busy evening.

I. A diamante poem is a poem that is shaped like a diamond, which uses specific types of words like adjectives and–ing words. Let us read an example.

Day 

Bright, sunny 

Dancing, playing, running 

Out comes the sun, down goes the sun 

Resting, listening, dreaming 

Quiet, peaceful 

Night 

In this example we see how two different ideas—day and night are connected through the poem. 

Let us now write a diamante poem that connects ‘reading’ and ‘adventure’.

Share your poem with your classmates and the teacher.

Ans:

II. We come across many interesting characters while travelling. They become interesting because of their actions, their behaviour, and manner of speaking. Describe one such character that you met. Follow these steps.

1. Choose the character.

Ans: A street vendor I met during a train journey.

2. Create a first draft of your description including the following details. 

(i) What is the name of the character?

Ans: Raju.

(ii) What does the character look like? 

Ans: Raju was a middle-aged man with a cheerful face, rough hands, and a sturdy build. He wore a simple white shirt, slightly worn out, and a colorful cloth tied around his head.

(iii) What does the character do? 

Ans: Raju is a street vendor who sells tea and snacks at the railway station. He moves briskly from one compartment to another, balancing a tray full of steaming tea cups and fried snacks.

(iv) What kind of person is she or he? 

Ans: Raju is hardworking and energetic. He greets passengers with a wide smile and a loud voice, calling out his offerings in a rhythmic tone. Despite the rush, he is polite and always ready to chat briefly with his regular customers.

(v) Include any line or incident from the text that you like the most. 

Ans: I admired his spirit when he cheerfully said, “Babu, garam chai le lo! Safar lamba hai, chai zaroori hai!”.

3. Check your description for any spelling mistakes or errors. 

Ans: Done.

4. Show your classmates your work and ask for suggestions. 

Ans: Students do it yourself.

5. Rewrite your description including all the changes and suggestions for improvement.

Ans: During my train journey, I met Raju, a lively tea vendor. He was a middle-aged man with a cheerful face, rough hands, and a colorful cloth tied around his head. Raju moved briskly through the train compartments, balancing a tray of steaming tea cups and snacks.

His rhythmic call, “Babu, garam chai le lo! Safar lamba hai, chai zaroori hai!” brought smiles to many faces. Despite the long hours and crowded compartments, Raju remained positive, greeting passengers warmly and chatting briefly with regular customers.

Raju’s dedication and cheerful attitude left a lasting impression, reminding me of the joy that can be found even in hard work.

I. Read the statements given below and explain each statement in your words. 

1. Arunima Sinha is considered a beacon of hope and resilience. 

Ans: Arunima Sinha inspires people through her remarkable journey from being an amputee to conquering Mount Everest, symbolizing courage and determination.

2. Arunima decided to climb Mount Everest despite losing her leg. 

Ans: After losing her leg in a train accident, Arunima set an extraordinary goal to climb Everest, showcasing her indomitable spirit and determination.

3. Bachendri Pal’s guidance was crucial in Arunima’s journey to the summit of Mount Everest. 

Ans: Bachendri Pal encouraged Arunima by instilling confidence and reminding her that overcoming challenges is like conquering an inner Everest.

4. Arunima’s achievements go beyond just physical endurance. 

Ans: Arunima’s success reflects her mental strength and positive mindset, proving that sheer willpower can overcome physical limitations.

5. Arunima’s autobiography inspires readers around the world.

Ans: Her autobiography “Born Again on the Mountain” motivates readers to stay determined and resilient, regardless of challenges.

I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 

Bachendri Pal instilled confidence in Arunima and said, “My child, you decided to climb Mount Everest in these situations with a prosthetic leg— you have conquered the Everest within you; the world will realise it later.” 

On 21 May 2013, after 52 exhausting days, Arunima Sinha reached the summit of Mount Everest. Standing at the top of the world, she felt a surge of emotions—pride, relief, and an overwhelming sense of achievement. 

1. Complete the sentence with a suitable reason. 

Bachendri Pal said that Arunima had conquered the Everest within her because ______________.

Ans: Bachendri Pal said that Arunima had conquered the Everest within her because she had already overcome her inner fears, challenges, and self-doubt by deciding to climb Mount Everest despite her disability.

2. How might Arunima have felt after what Bachendri Pal told her?

Ans: Arunima might have felt encouraged, motivated, and more confident after hearing Bachendri Pal’s words. It would have strengthened her determination to achieve her goal despite the challenges.

3. Choose a phrase from the extract which shows that reaching the summit of Mount Everest was tiring. 

Ans: “52 exhausting days”.

4. Select the correct option to complete the sentence. 

After her success when Arunima felt ‘an overwhelming sense of achievement’, she would have most likely said, “______________.” 

(i) I am confident of my abilities.

(ii) I will accomplish this soon.

(iii) I am excited to begin this climb.

(iv) I finally realised my dream.

Ans: (iv) I finally realised my dream.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. What did Arunima do in order to fulfill her ambition of conquering Mount Everest?

Ans: To conquer Mount Everest, Arunima Sinha first did a basic mountaineering course from Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, Uttarkashi. After this, she underwent rigorous training for eighteen months. She received guidance from Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman Everest conqueror. With hard work and determination, Arunima achieved her goal by reaching the top of Mount Everest on 21 May 2013.

2. Arunima is a beacon of hope and resilience. Support this statement with evidence from the text.

Ans: Arunima Sinha’s journey, in which she conquered Mount Everest despite losing a leg after an accident, is a proof of her courage and perseverance. Even after losing her leg in a train accident, she did not give up. Rather, she resolved to climb Mount Everest. With rigorous training and unwavering willpower, she achieved her goal. Her struggle and success show how even the biggest challenges can be overcome with hard work and confidence.

3. Arunima’s autobiography is titled Born Again on the Mountain: A Story of Losing Everything and Finding It Back. Why do you think this title is appropriate? 

Ans: The title is appropriate because Arunima faced a major tragedy in her life when she lost one of her legs in a train accident. Despite this tragic incident, instead of giving up, she rebuilt herself and decided to climb Mount Everest. “Born Again” means that she created a new identity and proved herself with courage even in this difficult situation. The mountain became a symbol of her new life.

4. Arunima says, “Failure is when we don’t have goals worthy enough.” What would be the most likely impact of this statement on readers?

Ans: This statement inspires the readers to set big and important goals in their lives. It teaches that success is not just about achieving something, but in choosing bold and meaningful goals.  This thought inspires readers to think beyond their limits and face any challenge. This message of Arunima encourages one to realize their dreams despite the struggles.

I. Read the underlined phrases in sentences (i)–(v) and match them with their appropriate meanings given in the box below.

(i) Nisha was relieved when the final match was over after several exhausting days of practice.

Ans: (3) Periods of time filled with tiring and demanding activities.

(ii) Despite several failures, her heartfelt attempts to learn the guitar showed her determination and passion for music.

Ans: (1) Genuine, sincere efforts.

(iii) Moving to a new city was a life-altering event for Jagan, as it gave him the chance to make new friends and try different activities.

Ans: (4) An incident or experience that significantly changes a person’s life.

(iv) Competing in the marathon requires not just physical strength but also mental fortitude to stay focused and finish the race.

Ans: (2) Strength of mind.

(v) The lighthouse served as a beacon of hope for the sailors lost at sea. 

Ans: (5) A source of inspiration or encouragement.

II. Complete the following table by filling in the gaps with correct parts of speech mentioned. An example has been done for you.

Ans:

III. Study the highlighted words in the following sentences from the text.

• Arunima made a vow that many would deem impossible.

• Her father was an army engineer.

• Standing at the top of the world, she felt a surge of emotions—pride, relief, and an overwhelming sense of achievement.

• She planted the Indian flag at the summit and left behind a photograph of her idol, Swami Vivekananda.

• Arunima Sinha’s journey from a devastating accident to scaling the highest peak in the world stands as a beacon of hope and resilience.

The highlighted words are articles.

‘A’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles; ‘the’ is the definite article. The choice between ‘a’ and ‘an’ depends on the sound that follows the article, specifically the initial sound of the word that follows. 

1. Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’. Put an ‘x’ where no article is required. 

We planned (i) _______ adventurous trip to (ii) _______ remote island. (iii) _______ island was known for its beautiful landscapes and (iv) _______ diverse wildlife. On (v) _______ first day, we set out to explore (vi) _______ island’s dense jungle. (vii) _______ guide led us through (viii) _______ thick foliage and showed us (ix) _______ hidden waterfall. In (x) _______ evening, we gathered around (xi) _______ campfire to share stories and enjoy (xii) _______ meal we cooked. (xiii) _______ experience was truly unforgettable, and we felt (xiv) _______ connection with (xv) _______ nature. 

Ans: We planned (i) an adventurous trip to (ii) a remote island. (iii) The island was known for its beautiful landscapes and (iv) x diverse wildlife. On (v) the first day, we set out to explore (vi) the island’s dense jungle. (vii) The guide led us through (viii) the thick foliage and showed us (ix) a hidden waterfall. In (x) the evening, we gathered around (xi) a campfire to share stories and enjoy (xii) the meal we cooked. (xiii) The experience was truly unforgettable, and we felt (xiv) a connection with (xv) x nature.

2. There is an error in each sentence that has been underlined. Correct the error in the following sentences. 

(i) We waited for a hour before the bus finally arrived. 

Ans: We waited for an hour before the bus finally arrived.

(ii) The guide insisted on an uniform jacket for the group’s safety during the trek. 

Ans: The guide insisted on a uniform jacket for the group’s safety during the trek.

(iii) Mount K2 is a second highest peak in the world. 

Ans: Mount K2 is the second highest peak in the world.

(iv) A Ganga is a sacred river in India, known for its cultural importance. 

Ans: The Ganga is a sacred river in India, known for its cultural importance.

(v) Challenges are faced with courage and determination by a brave. 

Ans: Challenges are faced with courage and determination by the brave.

(vi) A North Star has guided travellers for centuries.

Ans: The North Star has guided travellers for centuries.

In groups of four, select a role from 1–4 given below and speak about the views allotted to each. Use the prompts and vocabulary given. Take turns to express your opinions, agreement, and disagreement.

Role-Specific Prompts

1. School Student: Talk about why you think Physical Education should be included in school activities.

2. Parent: Discuss your concerns or support for your child participating in Physical Education activities.

3. Physical Education Teacher: Share your experiences about Physical Education activities and why you think they are valuable.

4. Sports Camp Organiser: Explain how you ensure safety and why you believe sports are beneficial for participants.

Ans: (i) School Student: In my opinion, Physical Education should definitely be included in school activities. One reason for this is that it helps students stay fit and healthy. From my point of view, it also teaches teamwork and builds confidence. I disagree with the notion that Physical Education takes away time from academics because being physically active actually improves concentration and focus.

(ii) Parent: I believe that participating in Physical Education activities is essential for children’s overall development. I support this perspective because it promotes good health and teaches discipline. However, I find it hard to agree because sometimes, safety precautions are not strictly followed, which is a concern for me. I would appreciate it if schools ensured the safety of all participants.

(iii) Physical Education Teacher: From my point of view, Physical Education is vital for students’ mental and physical growth. One reason for this is that it helps them overcome fear and explore their potential. I agree with the idea that physical activities foster confidence and teamwork. In my opinion, it also relieves stress, making students more focused on their studies.

(iv) Sports Camp Organiser: I believe that sports are highly beneficial for participants. One reason for this is that they help build strength, endurance, and social skills. In my experience, ensuring safety is a priority, so we follow strict guidelines and provide proper equipment. I disagree with the idea that sports are risky when precautions are taken.

Read the various components of a formal letter from the box given below.

1. Now, read the letter given below and write the matching components.

Ans:

2. Write a letter to the Principal of your school requesting her to organise an excursion to a nearby hill station for Grade 7 students of your school.

Ans: Sender’s Address:

Grade 7-C,

ABC School,
City.

Date: 10 May 20XX

Receiver’s Address:

The Principal,
ABC School, City.

Subject: Request to organise an excursion to a hill station

Madam/Sir,

I am a student of Grade 7-C, and I am writing to request the organisation of an excursion to a nearby hill station for the students of our grade. Such a trip would provide an opportunity to explore nature, learn new skills, and refresh our minds.

We believe that this excursion will enhance our understanding of geography and help build teamwork and camaraderie among students. Therefore, I kindly request you to consider organising this educational and adventurous trip.

Yours sincerely,
Ravi Kumar

I. Find out more information about the following adventure sports in our country and complete the table given below. 

Ans:

II. Prepare an information booklet with fact sheets of five Indian mountaineers. Include the following information in the fact sheet.

1. Name (and photograph, if available).

2. Place of birth.

3. Profession.

4. Accomplishments—awards or honours.

5. Training received. 

6. Sport known for (if any).

Ans: (i) Name: Bachendri Pal.

Place of Birth: Uttarakhand.

Profession: Mountaineer.

Accomplishments: First Indian woman to summit Everest.

Training: Nehru Institute of Mountaineering.

Sport: Mountaineering. 

(ii) Name: Arunima Sinha.

Place of Birth: Uttar Pradesh.

Profession: Mountaineer.

Accomplishments: First female amputee to climb Everest.

Training: Nehru Institute of Mountaineering.

Sport: Mountaineering. 

(iii) Name: Santosh Yadav.

Place of Birth: Haryana.

Profession: Mountaineer.

Accomplishments: First woman to climb Everest twice.

Training: Indian Mountaineering Foundation.

Sport: Mountaineering.

Parimol

Hi! my Name is Parimal Roy. I have completed my Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy (B.A.) from Silapathar General College. Currently, I am working as an HR Manager at Dev Library. It is a website that provides study materials for students from Class 3 to 12, including SCERT and NCERT notes. It also offers resources for BA, B.Com, B.Sc, and Computer Science, along with postgraduate notes. Besides study materials, the website has novels, eBooks, health and finance articles, biographies, quotes, and more.