Class 12 Telecom Chapter 4 Occupational Health and Safety

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Class 12 Telecom Chapter 4 Occupational Health and Safety

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Occupational Health and Safety

Chapter: 4

Session – 1: Optical Fiber Handling Safety

Check Your Progress:

A. Multiple choice questions:

1. The major safety concern regarding fiber optics is _____________.

(a) High power levels.

(b) Warts.

(d) Explosion.

Ans: (c) Bare fiber ends.

2. Double-stick tape can be used for _____________.

(a) Removing fiber splinters.

(b) Protecting bare fiber from dust.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Collecting bare fiber ends.

3. Fusion splicers should not be used _____________.

(a) With multimode fiber.

(b) With single mode fiber.

(d) Near an open flame.

Ans: (c) In a flammable space.

4. The most important installation safety rule is _____________.

(a) To work quickly when using epoxy or solvents.

(b) To brush any fiber ends off your clothes.

(d) To work with a partner.

Ans: (c) To wear safety glasses.

5. Looking directly at the ends of optical fibre cable may damage the _______ .

(a) Retina.

(b) Ears.

(d) Nose.

Ans: (a) Retina.

6. Which of the following is used as a source for optical fibre communication?

(a) Tube light.

(b) Sunlight.

(d) Bulb.

Ans: (c) LASER Light.

B. Fill in the blanks:

1. A simple drink of water can carry glass shards into the throat and down the ________ where they can cause internal ______________.

Ans: Esophagus, Hemorrhages.

2. Wear safety glasses with the side shields to prevent ____________ and ___________ from entering the eyes.

Ans: Fiber shards, Splinters.

3. Fibre particles that collect on personal clothing can be ingested later through __________, _________ or ___________.

Ans: Food, drink, or breathing.

4. Handle the fiber optic splinters similar to _____________ .

Ans: Glass splinters.

5. Never look directly through the end of fiber cables till you ensure that there is no ______________ at the other end.

Ans: Light source.

6. Use a fiber optic __________ to make sure that fiber is dark.

Ans: Power meter.

7. He uses an ____________ or _____________, look at the fiber from an angle at least 6 inches away from your eye to determine if the visible light is present.

Ans: Optical tracer or continuity checker.

8. Glass shards can lodge in the surface of the eye and cause __________ .

Ans: Lacerations.

9. Keep all ___________ materials away from the curing ovens.

Ans: Combustible.

10. Isopropyl alcohol is _____________ .

Ans: Flammable.

11. The broken ends of fibers created during _____________ and ___________ can be dangerous.

Ans: Termination and splicing.

C. State True or False:

1. The broken ends of fibers created during termination and splicing are extremely sharp.

Ans: True.

2. The underground installation of OFC is safe from hazards. (F)

Ans: False.

3. It is safe to handle bare fibre.

Ans: False.

4. Do not wear protective aprons, safety glasses, and gloves, while handling OFC.

Ans: False.

5. Do not bend the cable below minimum bending radius.

Ans: True.

6. The maximum pulling distance can be achieved by using lubricants.

Ans: True.

7. Using the anti-twisting device during cable pulling can damage the fibre.

Ans: False.

8. Corrosion of equipment may damage cable or cause injury to personnel.

Ans: True.

9. Do not handle the fiber optic splinters similar to glass splinters.

Ans: False.

10. Fibre optic technicians should wear the complete PPE kit while working for installation of OFC.

Ans: True.

D. Short answer questions:

1. What is the precaution for handling the optical fiber?

Ans: Fiber optic cables can cause tiny splinters in the skin. Since they contain glass shards, avoid touching the face while working with them. Glass shards can penetrate soft skin and the surface of the eye. Wear protective aprons, safety glasses, and gloves, while handling OFC. Store the OFC in a safe place. Keep all running cable off of the floor to avoid potentially damaging it. Arrange all scrap and chippings properly and dispose of the waste mandatory in an effective manner. Although, the glass inside of the fiber cable is designed to be flexible; it can still break if it is not taken care of properly. So, avoid pinching or bending the cable while handling it.

2. What are the laser precautions to be followed?

Ans: Laser beam used in optical communication is invisible and can seriously damage the eyes. Viewing it directly does not cause any pain and the iris of Eye does not close automatically as it does while viewing the bright light. This can cause serious damage to the retina of the eye. Therefore, never look into a fiber having a laser coupled to it. If an eye is accidentally exposed to LASER beam, immediately rush for medical assistance.

3. What is material safety and precautions to be taken for it?

Ans: The Fiber optic splicing and termination requires various chemical cleaners and adhesives.

Follow the safety instructions defined for these substances while working with materials:

(i) Always work in the well-ventilated areas.

(ii) Avoid skin contact with the materials involved in this process as much as possible.

(iii) Avoid using chemicals that could cause allergic reactions.

(iv) Even simple isopropyl alcohol, used as a cleaner, is flammable. So, handle everything appropriately.

4. What are the fire safety precautions to be followed?

Ans: Following optical fiber fire precautions have to be effectively adhered. The fusion splices use an electric spark to make a splice, so ensure that there are no flammable gases in the space where fusion splicing is done. Splicing should not be done in places of manholes where gases can accumulate. All parts and devices which are combustible must be kept away from the area. The cables are brought up to the surface into a splicing trailer where all fiber work is done. So the splicing trailer is temperature-controlled and kept spotlessly clean to ensure good splicing. Smoking should not be allowed around fiber optic work. The ashes from smoking can contribute to the dust problems in fibers, apart from the danger of explosion posed by them due to the presence of combustible substances.

5. What is the workmanship related precautions to be followed?

Ans: The bare glass exposed after stripping should not be contacted by tools, fingers, etc. The glass should only be contacted by an appropriate lint-free clean cloth, which may be soaked in high-purity isopropyl alcohol. The number of passes over the fiber should be limited (optimally one pass), and the cloth should be discarded and replaced with a new cloth regularly. The work area and stripping tool should be kept clean of any dust or debris, which can degrade the fiber strength if brought into contact with the cladding surface. The fiber should be cleaned and cleaved immediately after stripping to reduce the effect of any airborne contaminants.

6. Whether electric safety is required during OFC installation. If yes, why?

Ans: OFC are often installed around electrical cables. The fiber is not conductive, but fiber hardware can conduct electricity or the technician can come in contact with live electrical wires when working in proximity to AC power. So electrical safety guidelines should be followed.

7. List out the important component of PPE to be used during OFC laying and installation?

Ans: PPE kit is essential for every technician working in the site to protect themselves from electrical and physical hazards. Gloves, helmets, safety glasses, earplugs, and other gears are the various components of PPE. It is important to wear them while working on the site. For safety, signs can be posted near panels reminding employees to wear PPE.

8. What is the important component of PPE to be used during splicing?

Ans: Eye Protection: Goggles protect the eyes from injury from small broken glass fiber of the optical cables. It provides better protection against the dusty environment, chemical splashes. Splicing cables generates many fiber scraps. Hence a big disposable bin is required. These fiber scraps can be dangerous. Always wear eye protection goggles, and work on a black mat to see the scraps and pick them up to dispose of them. Prevent the LASER light from entering the eyes.

9. Mention out the important component of PPE to be used during transportation of OFC?

Ans: It may be due to exposure of foot to heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto-or fall on an employee’s feet. Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles and may be electrically conductive for use in an explosive atmosphere or non-conductive for protection from electrical hazards.

10. Make a list of the important components of PPE to be used during maintenance of OFC?

Ans: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) consists of all equipment including clothing affording protection against the weather, which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work and which protects the user against one or more risks to their health or safety. The examples of PPE include aprons, safety helmets, gloves, safety boots or other footwear, eye protection, high-visibility clothing, warm and weatherproof clothing and safety harnesses or fall arrest systems.

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