NIOS Class 12 Psychology Chapter 22 Coping With Stress

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NIOS Class 12 Psychology Chapter 22 Coping With Stress

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Psychology Notes, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Psychology Solutions in English for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Coping With Stress

Chapter: 22

PART – II

Module – 6: Health and Well-being

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.1

1. Briefly discuss the different types of stressors.

Ans: (i) Daily hassles stress: This kind of stress results from too many minor sources of stress. It can range from making meals to reaching office on time etc.

(ii) Major life events stress: Death of a loved one, divorce, transfer from one place to another, losing a job etc.

(iii) Job stress: The stress related to the working environment more.

(iv) Catastrophic events: Devastation after wars, earthquakes, tsunamis etc. This refers to those stressors that are beyond the control of a person. Such stressors might include devastation after wars, earthquakes, tsunamis etc. These might land up individuals losing all the assets they have. Therefore, these have devastating effects on the psychological wellbeing of individuals.

2. Positive aspect of stress is called ____________ and the negative aspect of stress is called ___________ .

Ans: Eustress and Distress.

3. What are catastrophic life events and how can they create stress among individuals?

Ans: Catastrophic life events refer to extreme and unpredictable situations that are beyond an individual’s personal control, such as natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis and cyclones, or wars. These events cause widespread devastation and may lead individuals to lose their homes, assets, livelihoods or loved ones. As these events are sudden and overwhelming, they severely affect physical and psychological well-being, causing immense trauma and pressure to adjust to the situation.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.2

Match the following:

Column A	Column B
(a) Physiological response to stress	(i) impaired decision making
(b) Cognitive response to stress	(ii) crying
(c) Affective response to stress	(iii) irritability and anxiety
(d) Behavioural response to stress	(iv) trembling and tense muscles

Ans: 

Column A	Column B
(a) Physiological response to stress	(iv) trembling and tense muscles
(b) Cognitive response to stress	(i) impaired decision making
(c) Affective response to stress	(iii) irritability and anxiety
(d) Behavioural response to stress	(ii) crying

2. How can noise acts as a stressor to an individual?

Ans: Environment of an individual like background noise can create stress among individuals. It disrupts, distracts, or detracts from regular functioning.

3. (a) Highly motivated people are more prone to stress. [True/False]

Ans: True.

(b) People with internal locus of control are likely to experience more stress as compared to people with external locus of control. [True/False]

Ans: False.

4. How can poor health of family member create stress?

Ans: Caregiving to a family member often results in stress, affecting caregiver’s physical and psychological wellbeing.

5. Discuss how the attitude of an individual contributes to the experience of stress.

Ans: Individuals with an optimistic attitude believe that good things will happen to them as compared to those with pessimist’s feelings. This is mainly because is optimism is related with dedication and determination which help to adapt with stressors more effectively as compared to pessimists.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.3

1. Prolonged stress adversely affects the immune system of the body. [True/False]

Ans: True.

2. Parasympathetic division is related to the fight or flight response to stress. [True/False]

Ans: False.

3. Sympathetic division conserves and maintains energy. [True/False]

Ans: False.

TERMINAL EXERCISES

1. What do you understand by stress and its types?

Ans: Stress is a psychological state that occurs when an individual experiences demands or challenges that require adjustment. Hans Selye defined stress as “the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change.” A small amount of stress can improve performance, while excessive stress can negatively affect daily functioning.

Types of Stress:

(i) Eustress (Positive Stress): It occurs when a stressful situation is perceived as a challenge, motivating the individual to perform better and deal with the situation effectively.

(ii) Distress (Negative Stress): It occurs when the demands of a situation exceed an individual’s available resources, resulting in psychological discomfort and disruption of daily life.

2. How stress affects the physiological and psychological wellbeing of an individual?

Ans: (i) Physiological Wellbeing: Stress alters blood pressure, heart rate, and muscle tone. Prolonged stress depletes body resources and weakens the immune system, making the body vulnerable to illness.

(ii) Psychological Wellbeing:

Cognitive: Poor concentration, forgetfulness, confusion, poor judgment, and negative thoughts.

Affective (Emotional): Anxiety, depression, irritability, frustration, nervousness, and hopelessness.

Behavioral: Irritability, aggressive/abusive behavior, and social disruption.

3. What are the different strategies that are helpful in coping with stress?

Ans: (i) Problem-Focused Coping: Direct action to resolve the issue using available resources (e.g., searching for video lectures, books, or extra tutoring).

(ii) Emotion-Focused Coping: Managing emotional distress when circumstances are beyond control (e.g., taking a break or vacation).

(iii) Cognitive Response / Information Seeking: Gathering relevant information about a problem or illness to gain clarity and feel empowered.

(iv) Social Support: Ventilating emotions and seeking guidance by talking to trusted friends, tutors, or family members.

4. What is the role of physical exercise and nutrition in enhancing the wellbeing of an individual?

Ans: Physical Exercise: Spending at least 20 minutes a day on physical activity acts as a stress buster and is positively related to an individual’s physical and mental well-being.

Wellbeing & Leisure: Taking leisure time and maintaining physical health helps restore energy and handle daily hassles effectively.

5. Discuss in detail about the role of cognitive strategy in dealing with stress.

Ans: (i) Thought Stopping: Saying a firm “STOP” whenever negative or unnecessary thoughts creep into the mind to interrupt stress loops.

(ii) Modifying Thoughts (Reframing): Rating stress-provoking thoughts on a 100-point scale and reframing catastrophic interpretations into realistic, constructive thoughts (e.g., viewing being late for an interview as a learning experience rather than the end of a career).

(iii) Information Seeking: Actively acquiring knowledge about a stressor to dispel irrational fear and improve coping abilities.

6. What are the different factors leading to stress?

Ans: (i) External Factors:

Daily Hassles: Minor inconveniences such as cooking or commuting.

Major Life Events: Job loss, divorce, or illness/hospitalization of family members.

Job Stress: Work pressure, salary, working conditions, and boss/colleague relationships.

Catastrophic Events: Natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, or wars.

Cultural Stress: Culture shock when adapting to new environments.

(ii) Internal Factors:

Personality: Perfectionists, highly competitive, and driven individuals are more prone to stress.

Locus of Control: Individuals with an external locus of control (believing external forces dictate outcomes) experience higher stress than those with an internal locus of control.

7. Describe General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and how does it impacts the individual.

Ans: General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) details the body’s physical response to stress across three stages:

Stage 1: Alarm Reaction Phase: The stressor triggers a shock response. The sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) releases adrenaline and cortisol to prepare for ‘fight or flight’.

Stage 2: Resistance Stage: The parasympathetic nervous system kicks in to maintain homeostasis and repair the body while coping continues.

Stage 3: Exhaustion Stage: Continuous exposure to the stressor depletes bodily resources, weakening the immune system and leaving the person vulnerable to stress-induced illnesses.