NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 8 Pahari Painting

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NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 8 Pahari Painting

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Pahari Painting

Chapter: 8

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.1

A. Choose the appropriate option.

1. The central theme of Kangra art is ____________.

(i) Love 

(ii) Anger 

(iii) Fear 

(iv) Enjoy

Ans: (i) Love.

2. Who were the pioneer of Vaishnava revival? 

(i) Tulsidas 

(ii) Ramanuja and Jaideva 

(iii) Tulsidas and Jaideva 

(iv) Krishnaraja and Tulsidas

Ans: (ii) Ramanuja and Jaideva. 

3. How is love personified in Kangra painting? 

(i) Ram and Sita 

(ii) Lakshmi and Narayana 

(iii) Radha and Krishna 

(iv) Hira and Ranjha

Ans: (iii) Radha and Krishna.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.2

1. What are the great works of literature that inspired Kangra paintings?

Ans: Gitagovinda by Jayadeva, Ramayana of Tulsidas.

2. What are the key factors in the development of the Kangra school of painting?

Ans: Vaishnava revival of the 11th and 12th centuries. Ramanuja popularized worship of Vishnu ‘Gita Govinda’ of Jyadeva became a favourite for love song based on the divine love of Krishna and Radha. The culture of Punjab and the Great Sikh movement started by Guru Nank also inspired the Kangra artist. The cult of Bhakti was, however, its driving force.

3. What are the salient features of Kangra painting?

Ans: Delicate lines with various forms and figures rendered soft and subtle colours are used. Minute details and decorative qualities are very predominant.

4. Name the sources to obtain colours.

Ans: From Natural resources.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.3

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. _____________  medium was used in this painting.

Ans: Opaque watercolour on paper.

2. Bhagawat Puran, _____________  and  _____________ were illustrated and Krishna had a prominent presence in all these manuscripts.

Ans: Rasamanjari, Gita Govinda.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.4

A. Choose the most appropriate option:

1. Write the period of the painting ‘Krishna with a Companion’. 

(i) 1665-70CE 

(ii) 1660-70CE 

(iii) 1560-70CE 

(iv) 1760-70CE

Ans: (ii) 1660-70CE.

2. Which of the following is a special feature of the Basholi style of painting? 

(i) Colours were bright 

(ii) Colours were light 

(iii) Large eyes 

(iv) Long hair style

Ans: (i) Colours were bright.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.5

1. Which period do these paintings belong?

Ans: 18th Century.

2. What are the characteristic features of Chamba Paintings?

Ans: Style-Indigenous, inspired by Krishna cult, liberal use of bright flat colours, complicated symbolic representation.

3. What are the main themes of Chamba paintings?

Ans: Vishvarupa series (18th Century) AD:

(i) Bhagwata Purana (1757A.D)

(ii) Ramayana (1750-75A.D.)

(iii) Dasavatara Series (1725-50 A.D.)

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Write the central theme of Kangra art.

Ans: The central theme of Kangra painting is love, and its sentiments are expressed in a typical style that is full of rhythm, grace, and beauty.

2. How is love personified in Kangra paintings?

Ans: Love is personified through the figures of Radha and Krishna. Their romance, such as embracing each other, symbolizes the Sringara Rasa and represents the human soul awakened by the realization of God, depicting the coming together of two into one.

3. What is the contribution of religious leaders, poets, and philosophers of the 16th and 17th centuries?

Ans: They contributed immensely towards the spreading of Vaishnavism, which eventually led to the development of this art form where spiritual experience was symbolized through the relationship of a lover and beloved.

4. What is the uniqueness of Basholi style?

Ans: The Basohli style remains unique for its bold colour schemes, wooden architectural motifs, large staring eyes, robust figures, faces in profile, and multiple perspectives. The paintings are simple, full of strength, and display primitive vitality.

5. What is the difference between Krishna and Radha figures of Basholi and Kangra – style?

Ans: In the Basohli style, Krishna is depicted as urban, suave, and resembling nobility and royalty, rather than the pastoral and prankish cowherd seen in Kangra art. Similarly, the Basohli Radha is shown sitting in a royal, confident manner with a sensuous body, which is very different from the shy Radha depicted in the Kangra school.

6. What are the characteristic features of Chamba paintings?

Ans: Chamba paintings were heavily influenced by Mughal miniature painters in both style and colour (especially seen in the costumes of men), yet they retained indigenous, local characteristics. The artists used Wasli paper, applied natural and mineral colours along with gold and silver, and polished the paintings with a smooth stone.

7. What is the medium used for painting miniatures?

Ans: The primary medium used is opaque watercolour on paper. Artists used a specially prepared thick paper called Wasli (made by joining thin layers of paper) coated with a mixture of kikar plant glue and white clay.

8. How did Jayadeva’s Gitagovinda inspire the Pahari Artists?

Ans: Jayadeva’s “Gita Govinda” became a favourite text for love songs based on the divine love of Krishna and Radha. It heavily inspired the artists to illustrate romantic and lyrical themes in both Kangra and Basohli styles.

9. Write a few lines about the symbolic use of colours.

Ans: Colours are used to express moods and highlight divine characteristics. For example, Krishna is symbolically painted with a blue body. Pahari artists generally used bright, contrasting colours—like a brilliant yellow background or an orange dhoti—to heighten the romantic mood and bring vitality to the entire composition.

10. What did the Vaishnava cult symbolize?

Ans: The Vaishnava cult symbolized spiritual experience in relation to a lover and a beloved.

11. What are the themes of Basholi paintings?

Ans: The main themes include illustrations of romantic and religious manuscripts such as the Rasamanjari, Bhagwatpurana, and Gita Govinda, with Krishna featuring prominently in them.

12. What is the uniqueness of Basholi style?

Ans:  Its uniqueness lies in its simple yet bold and vibrant expression, characterized by ethnic types, bold colour schemes, large staring eyes, and robust figures.

13. What is the difference between Krishna and Radha in “Basholi” and “Kangra” styles?

Ans: The Basohli style portrays Krishna and Radha as royal, confident, and suave courtly figures, whereas the Kangra style depicts them more as a pastoral cowherd and a shy, delicate maiden.