NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 6 Medieval Period Painting

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NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 6 Medieval Period Painting

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Medieval Period Painting

Chapter: 6

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.1

A. Match the following:

1. The period of Pala dynasty	(i) Tempera
2. The medium used painting	(ii) Pala
3. Mention the style of painting	(iii) 8th 13 CAD

Ans: 

1. The period of Pala dynasty	(iii) 8th 13 CAD
2. The medium used painting	(i) Tempera
3. Mention the style of painting	(ii) Pala

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.2

1. When and where did Jain miniature painting flourish?

Ans: In Gujarat, Rajasthan and some other regions in 10th C.E.

2. What is Kalpasutra? Who is the author of this text?

Ans: A Kalpasutra is a Svetambara Jain account of the lives of the Jinas. Author was Bhadrabahu.

3. What was the medium used in Jain miniature painting.

Ans: Tempera on palm leaf.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 6.3

1. What are the general features of Rajasthani paintings?

Ans: The general features of Rajasthan paintings are: Protruding eyes, use of contemporary costumes.

2. Name some of the famous schools of Rajasthani painting?

Ans: Mewar, Bundi, Kota Pratapgarh, Kishangarh, Malwa.

3. Mention the title of the poetry and its author that inspired Rajasthani painters the most.

Ans: Geet Govinda by Jayadeva.

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Explain briefly the background and evolution of the medieval period and miniature paintings.

Ans: Following the decline of the Gupta dynasty and other powerful rulers, art productivity became stagnant during the 11th and 12th centuries AD. However, this period enriched Indian art with illustrated manuscripts from religious sects like Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Rulers like the Palas in the east, Rajputs in the west, and Cholas and Chalukyas in the south patronized art and architecture during this time. A significant contribution of this period was miniature paintings on palm-leaf manuscripts, with Jain miniature painting developing in Gujarat and Buddhist manuscript illumination flourishing in Bihar and Bengal.

2. Write a short note on how palm leaves were prepared and painted.

Ans: Palm leaves were prepared through a long process where they were kept underwater for a month, dried, smoothened with conch shells, and then cut into rectangular shapes. Some space was left for painting after writing five to seven lines on the leaf. The painting technique was complicated: a background colour was laid before making the preliminary drawing, and then figures were filled with colour. Shades and highlights were applied for modelling, and fine outlines were finally drawn in black or red colour.

3. Write about the salient features of Jain palm leaf manuscript paintings.

Ans: Jain palm leaf paintings are characterized by typical features such as the angular drawing of eyes that extend beyond the outline of the face, and the use of bright colours. These paintings are done on rectangular spaces of palm leaves that are allotted for both painting and calligraphy. The style of painting is highly reliant on pure draughtsmanship.

4. Write in detail about Todi Ragini.

Ans: The Todi Ragini is a tempera painting on palm leaf from the Pratapgarh style, dated 1710 C.E. It is a part of the Ragamala series and depicts a lady playing a musical instrument, whose tune mesmerizes two deer. The composition is well-balanced, and despite a flat background, it achieves a sense of depth and successfully creates a blissful natural garden atmosphere. Bright colours are used, and the effect is enhanced by colourful dots on the lady’s costume and the trees. The figures are full of movement, poetic lyricism, mood, and sentiment, making it a classic example of the synthesis of poetry and music.

5. What is Ragmala?

Ans: Ragamala paintings are a series of miniature paintings that depict Ragas and Raaginis, which represent the various classical musical modes of India.

6. How does Ragini Todi appear in the enlisted paintings?

Ans: Ragini Todi appears as a lady playing a musical instrument, attracting two mesmerized deer with her music. Her figure is full of movement and highly expressive of mood and sentiment, showcasing poetic lyricism.

7. Describe the features of the Jain style.

Ans: The Jain style features an angular drawing of figures, usually placed on a red background. Even when faces are shown in profile, both eyes are depicted, and these long eyes extend beyond the face’s outline. Although the colours are generally flat, a darker tone in boundary areas gives the figures a sense of volume. Additionally, rhythmic linear patterns give the figures a feeling of movement.

8. What does the enlisted picture Kalpasutra show? 

Ans: The Kalpasutra painting (a Svetambara Jain narrative on the lives of the Jinas) shows a panel divided into two segments illustrating the story of the birth of a Tirthankara. The right-side segment shows a deity with an animal head on a human body carrying a baby, while the left side shows a queen mother resting on a bed with her newborn baby.