NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 10 Company School of Painting

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NIOS Class 12 Painting Chapter 10 Company School of Painting

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Company School of Painting

Chapter: 10

INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.1

A. Match the following:

1. Style	(i) Brown
2. Colour	(ii) Watercolour
3. Medium	(iii) Company
4. Technique	(iv) Metropolitan Museum, New York
5. Collection	(v) Typical western watercolour

Ans:

1. Style	(iii) Company
2. Colour	(i) Brown
3. Medium	(ii) Watercolour
4. Technique	(v) Typical western watercolour
5. Collection	(iv) Metropolitan Museum, New York

INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.2

A. Choose the most appropriate option:

1. What is the name of the artist of the painting ‘Market Scene’?

(i) Shiv Dyal Lal

(ii) Manku

(iii) Nanda Lal Bose

(iv) Amrita Shergil

Ans: (i) Shiv Dyal Lal.

2. What products are the two women selling in the painting ‘Market Scene’.

(i) Potato, tomato

(ii) Kurta dhoti and turban

(iii) Vegetables and grains

(iv) Two different types of vegetables

Ans: (iii) Vegetables and grains.

3. Name the medium used to paint the painting ‘Market Scene’.

(i) Watercolour on paper

(ii) Poster colour on paper

(iii) Mix media on handmade paper

(iv) Opaque watercolour on paper

Ans: (iv) Opaque watercolour on paper.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.3

1. What do you understand by the term ‘Palanquin’?

Ans: Miyana means Palanquin.

2. Write the name of the school of this painting?

Ans: Varanasi Company School.

3. What kind of dress are these palanquin bearers wearing?

Ans: Kurta, Dhoti and turban.

4. Palanquin painting is famous for which album or portfolio?

Ans: This painting is taken from the set of forty-two paintings on modes of conveyance and occupation.

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Why were Indian artists hired by the Europeans? Explain.

Ans: The British wanted to capture images of India’s diverse people, monuments, landscapes, flora, and fauna to collect them as mementoes and souvenirs for their friends and relatives in England. Since not all of them could afford the works of noted British artists, they hired local Indian artists. They also realized that Indian subjects could be depicted far more accurately by native artists who were familiar with them.

2. What are the subjects of the Company School of Paintings?

Ans: The subjects primarily included landscapes, flora and fauna, images of native rulers, court scenes, historical monuments, festivals, ceremonies, trades and occupations, portraits, and everyday documentary scenes like markets.

3. Describe the characteristics of the Company School of Painting.

Ans: Company paintings blended traditional Rajput and Mughal elements with a western treatment of perspective, volume, and recession. They were usually painted in watercolours on paper or ivory. A key characteristic is the highly accurate and detailed rendering of the main subjects (like birds, animals, or human figures), while the background was often left sparingly indicated or treated with simple tonal gradation.

4. Name the cities where Company Painting emerged in the l8th and 19th centuries?

Ans: Company painting first emerged in the Madras Presidency and soon spread to other cities such as Murshidabad, Patna, Banaras (Varanasi), Lucknow, Agra, Delhi, Punjab, and other centres in Western India.

5. Write in detail about the origin of the Company Painting.

Ans: During the late 18th century, as the British East India Company expanded its presence in South Asia, Indian artists who had lost their royal patronage started looking for fresh opportunities. British people who moved to India were fascinated by the local culture and landscapes and commissioned these Indian artists to paint souvenirs for them. These works collectively came to be known as “Company” paintings because they emerged primarily under the patronage of the British East India Company.

6. Describe the famous painting ‘Market Scene’ from Patna.

Ans: Painted by Shiv Dayal Lal around 1850 using opaque watercolour on paper, this painting depicts a traditional market scene of Patna with four women (two shopkeepers and two customers). The artist beautifully captured the accuracy of various vegetables, fruits, and grains using naturalistic colours. The figures wear sarees with meticulously detailed folds, and the background features a gradual tonal gradation with clouds in the sky, reflecting the contemporary lifestyle.

7. Write in detail about the painting from your syllabus, which was mainly done to record the different species of birds and animals new to the British observer.

Ans: The painting “A Common Indian Nightjar Bird” from the 18th-century Lucknow Company school portrays the bird with great accuracy and detail. Painted in watercolour on handmade paper, it uses bold strokes and soft tones. Several shades of brown and black delineate its body markings, with a bright ring around its eye and textured legs. The landscape is only sparingly indicated on a smaller scale to make the bird stand out.

8. Describe the characteristics of the painting ‘Palanquin Bearer’ from Varanasi School of Company painting.

Ans: Painted between 1815-20, this artwork shows four palanquin bearers carrying a ‘Miyana’ (box palanquin) with a nobleman inside. It reflects the Indo-European watercolour technique, featuring realistic representations of human figures and stylized clothing (white kurtas, yellow/brown dhotis, blue turbans) with beautiful tonal variations on muscles and cloth folds. The geometrical drawing of the palanquin is highly accurate, and the background is left bare except for the shadows suggesting the ground.

9. Write a note on the treatment of colour by Shiv Dayal Lal in his paintings.

Ans: In the painting ‘Market Scene’, Shiv Dayal Lal used opaque watercolour on paper, which made the painting very bright and colourful. He used naturalistic colours to define specific types of fruits, vegetables, and grains. For the background, he used a gradual tonal gradation, differentiating it clearly from the foreground.

10. Write the name of the school of the painting, ‘Market Scene’.

Ans: It belongs to the Patna style of the Company School.

11. Write the name of the school of this painting.

Ans: Lucknow style of the Company School.

12. What medium is used to paint this painting?

Ans: Watercolour on paper (handmade paper).

13. Name the colors used in the detailing of the bird.

Ans: Several shades of brown, and black.

14. Name the person from whose album this painting is taken.

Ans: It is taken from an album made for Claude Martin, a French soldier and patron of art.

15. Which Mughal Emperor has given a lot of importance to creating an album of flora and fauna?

Ans: The Mughal emperor Jahangir.