NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 23 Nomenclature and General Principles

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NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 23 Nomenclature and General Principles

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Nomenclature and General Principles

Chapter: 23

Module – VII: Chemistry of Organic Compounds

INTEXT QUESTIONS 23.1

1. Identify word root and suffix for the following :

(i) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

(ii) CH₃CH₂CH = CHCH₂

(iii) CH₃C ≡ CH

Ans:  

Compound	Word Root	Suffix
(i) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃	Hex	ane
(ii) CH₃CH₂CH = CHCH₂	Pent	ene (or 2-ene to show position)
(iii) CH₃C ≡ CH	Prop	yne

2. Give IUPAC name to the following compounds:

(i) CH₃–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃

Ans: Oct-2-ene.

(ii) 

Ans: 2,4-Dimethylpentane.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 23.2

1. Write IUPAC names for the following compounds:

(i) 

Ans: 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene

(ii) 

Ans: Cycloheptane.

(iii) 

Ans: Cyclopenta-1,3-diene.

2. Write the structural formula for the following compounds:

(i) 1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane.

Ans:

(ii) Ethylcyclobutane.

Ans:

(iii) n-Propylbenzene.

Ans: 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 23.3

1. What is the condition of polarity for a covalent bond?

Ans: Covalent bond between two different atoms having large difference in their electronegativities.

2. Identify the groups with –I and +I effect from the following species :

Ans: –I effect groups –NO₂, –CN, –C₆H₅ +

I effect groups –CH₃, –C₂H₅, CH₃ CHCH₃ .

3. What is the difference between electromeric and inductive effects?

Ans: Electromeric effect is temporary polarization, whereas inductive effect is permanent polarisation of a covalent bond

4. Classify the following species as electrophiles or nucleophiles: With the above general background, let us study various types of reactions in alittle more details.

(i) H₃O⁺

Ans: Electrophile.

(ii) NO₂⁺

Ans: Electrophile.

(iii) Br ⁻

Ans: Nucleophile.

(iv) C₂H₅O⁻

Ans: Nucleophile.

(v) CH₃COO⁻

Ans: Nucleophile.

(vi) SO₃

Ans: Nucleophile.

(vii) CN⁻

Ans: Nucleophile.

(viii) +CH₃

Ans: Nucleophile.

(ix) :NH₃

Ans: Nucleophile.

Ans: Nucleophile.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 23.4

1. Write the products of each of the following reactions:

(i) CH₃CH₂Br + CN^– →

Ans: CH₃CH₂CN.

(ii) CH₃Cl + RNH₂ →

Ans: CH₃NHR.

2. Write the conditions for nitration of benzene.

Ans: HNO₃ in presence of H₂SO₄.

3. Predict the products of the following reactions :

Ans: CH₃CH₂Br

(ii)

                                             ᴴ₂ˢᴼ₄

Ans: 

(iii) 

Ans: (CH₃)₂ CBr – CH₂Br (major product)

(iv) 

Ans:

(v) 

Ans: CH₃–CH=CHCH₃ (major product)