Class 12 It Chapter 4 Occupational Health, Safety and Security

Class 12 It Chapter 4 Occupational Health, Safety and Security Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Class 12 It Chapter 4 Occupational Health, Safety and Security Question Answer and select need one. Class 12 It Chapter 4 Occupational Health, Safety and Security Notes Download PDF. AHSEC Class 12 Elective It-ITes Question Answer English Medium.

Class 12 It Chapter 4 Occupational Health, Safety and Security

Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. AHSEC Class 12 Elective It-ITes Textual Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given AHSEC Class 12 It Chapter 4 Occupational Health, Safety and Security Textbook Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Occupational Health, Safety and Security

Chapter: 4

SESSION 1: HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY AT WORK PLACE

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A. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Workplace safety is essential in organisation.

(a) To avoid the accident and injury.  

(b) To increase the productivity.  

(c) To improve the work environment.  

(d) All of the above.  

Ans: (d) All of the above.  

2. Which of the following is not mandatory to keep the good health of an employee.

(a) Cleanliness.  

(b) Food court.  

(c) Clean and fresh air.  

(d) Clean washroom.  

Ans: (b) Food court.  

3. The security department is not responsible for________________.

(a) Personal safety.  

(b) Computer system and equipment safety.  

(c) Electrical safety.  

(d) Personal belongings.  

Ans: (c) Electrical safety.  

4. The proper security procedures will increase-

(a) Liabilities.  

(b) Insurance.  

(c) Business revenue.  

(d) Operational charges of the company.  

Ans: (c) Business revenue.  

5. Which kind of hazards can occur in IT industry.

(a) Biological.  

(b) Chemical.  

(c) Physical.  

(d) Ergonomic.  

Ans: (d) Ergonomic.  

6. Which of the following can cause hazards while using computers.

(a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position.  

(b) Lifting heavy object.  

(c) Mishandling of tools and equipment.  

(d) Improper handling of office equipment.  

Ans: (a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position.  

7. Which of the following statements is likely to result in an injury to the operator?  

(a) Selecting the right tool for the job.  

(b) Wearing safety goggles or glasses.  

(c) Using a tool with loose handles.  

(d) Keeping cutting tools sharp.  

Ans: (c) Using a tool with loose handles.  

8. What are the potential cause of hazards at workplace.

(a) Poor ventilation.  

(b) Poor lighting.  

(c) Poor housekeeping.  

(d) All of above.  

Ans: (d) All of above. 

B. Fill in the blanks:

1. Health of an employee is the state of the physical, __________ and __________ well being.

Ans: Mental and Social.

2. The workplaces must be cleaned in ___________ before the people start working.

Ans: Morning.

3. A proper ____________ provides clean and cool air at the workplace.

Ans: Ventilation.

4. A fresh food cafeteria helps to maintain the ___________ of the employee.

Ans: Health.

5. The work environment of the organisation must be___________ and free from ___________ and _____________.

Ans: Safe, Dust and Pollution.

6. The proper security procedures will increase the ____________ and will reduce the _______________ of the company.

Ans: Business revenue, Liabilities.

7. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through national policy on ______________.

Ans: Safety.

8. Physical hazards occur due to _____________.

Ans: Noise.

9. Electrical hazards mostly caused due to coming in direct contact with ____________, or indirect contact through a ______________.

Ans: Live wire, Wet surface.

10. Hazards while using computers occur due to _________________ or excessive duration of sitting in __________-___.

Ans: Poor sitting posture, One position.

C. True or False:

1. The employer and employees are responsible for workplace safety. 

Ans: True. 

2. Any injury at work should be reported to the supervisor immediately. 

Ans: True.

3. No matter how big or small the injury; the injured person should receive medical attention. 

Ans: True. 

4. While working with machines and equipment, employees must follow the safety guidelines set by the company. 

Ans: True.  

5. Bright light sources behind the display screen can create contrast problems. 

Ans: True.

6. Exposure to bright lights and toxic fumes and vapour could damage the mouth and ears. 

Ans: False.  

7. The use of personal protective clothing and equipment can control the hazards at the workplace. 

Ans: True.  

8. Do not throw rubbish daily. 

Ans: False.  

9. Proper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. 

Ans: False.  

10. Stress at the workplace can cause hazards in today’s organisation. 

Ans: True.

D. Short Answer Questions:

1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at the workplace. 

Ans: Health: Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social well being. Every organisation must provide health and safety working environment for their employees at the workplace. Health of an employee must be in a good condition so that the employees of the organisation will not suffer from any diseases. Cleanliness at the workplace is mandatory. The work places must be cleaned in the morning before the people start working. If it is neat and clean then the people will feel happy to work in that environment. A proper air conditioning is mandatory to provide clean and cool air at the workplace. A properly filtered water facility must be available for the employees of the company. A fresh food cafeteria must provide the good quality food for the employees. This will help to maintain the health of the employee. The organisation should maintain a clean wash-room facility in good condition to be used by the employees.

Safety: The work environment of the organisation must be safe. It must be free from hazards and risk. A hazard is the something that can cause harm to the people. A risk is a probability of causing harm to the people. A proper safety guideline must be prepared by the company and it should be strictly followed. At regular intervals of time, the safety procedures must be practised by the employees.

Security: Every employee working in an organisation must feel that they are secured in the company campus. Security is a kind of freedom from any potential harm. Security ensures the safety of the people working in the organisation. Every organisation must have separate security department. This department should be responsible for various security such as personal safety, computer system safety, electrical safety, transport safety and other equipment safety. The proper security procedures will reduce liabilities, insurance and compensation for an organisation. This will increase the business revenue and will reduce the operational charges of the company.  

2. State the most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in workplace.

Ans: There are several reasons that can be specified for safety policy as given below.

(i) It clearly indicates the company’s commitment for their employee’s health and safety.

(ii) It shows the performance of the business and the safety performance are compatible with each other.

(iii) It clearly state that the company is not only doing the business for profits but it is taking care of all its stake holders.

(iv) The accountability of every one working for the company is outlined for the workplace health, safety and security.

(v) Company can comply national policy on Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) of Government of India.

(vi) Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such policy.

3. List out the various workplace safety hazards. 

Ans: Physical hazards: It is the risks arising from the physical work environment floors, facilities, walls, and ceilings. Physical hazards could also mean working with machinery and electricity operated machines. Work processes or specific assignments could also qualify as areas where physical hazards are present. There is a vast list of physical hazards across all industries, but when we look at one specific sector, these dangers are also particular to the work setting. 

Falling off heights, slipping and tripping: The reasons for falling are attributed to faulty scaffolding and ladders, as a result of contact with electricity, and slipping or crashing into anything that throws the worker off balance. On the other hand, trips and slips happen right on lower levels, particularly the floor, on ramps and any uneven surface in the workplace. Various injuries result from simply tripping over things at work, while many more accidents take place when employees slip on the floor, from motorized vehicles or from scaffolding or ladders. To avoid falls and slips, all things must be arranged properly. Any spilt liquid, food or other items such as paints must be immediately cleaned to avoid any accidents. Make sure there is proper lighting and all damaged equipment, stairways and light fixtures are repaired immediately.

Electrical hazards: There are many reasons why workers get electrocuted or suffer from electric shock at work. For the most part, it’s due to coming in direct contact with live wires, or having indirect contact through a conductor. While not all electrical accidents lead to death, there are many life threatening, severe and often permanent injuries that could result from it. At work, the common causes of electrical accidents are exposed, worn-out wiring, overloading of electrical outlets, ungrounded or faulty equipment, and unsafe use of electrical equipment. Employees must be provided basic knowledge of using electrical equipment and common problems. Employees must also be provided instructions about electrical safety such as keeping water and food items away from electrical equipment. Electrical staff and engineers should carry out routine inspections of all wiring to make sure there are no damaged or broken wires. 

Fire hazards: Each establishment must comply with housekeeping standards to ensure fire safety. Everyone does not follow such requirements, and this leads to accidents resulting in fire. Such events not only damage vital workplace equipment, stock and other items, and the building; it could also lead to injuries among its employees. To avoid fire, it is very important that safety precautions are in place. The whole organization must also have first response and emergency mitigation systems in place. Employees should be aware of all emergency exits, including fire escape routes, of the office building and also the locations of fire extinguishers and alarms. 

Health hazards: Health refers to the physical well-being of the workers, and this includes the condition of their skin, eyes, ears and all other body parts. But it also includes the health situation of what we cannot see upfront – their respiratory and cardiovascular system, and the nervous system. Hazards are present in most workplaces that could impact any part of the human body. For example, a noisy machine or factory environment could damage the sense of hearing of the workers. In the same manner, exposure to bright lights and toxic fumes and vapour could damage the eyes and nose. There are also more serious and long-term health issues arising from hazardous workplaces, such as damage to the lungs because of the exposure to harmful chemicals.

4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organization. 

Ans: Bright light sources behind the display screen can create contrast problems, making it difficult to clearly see your work. Apply the following possible solutions to avoid this. 

(i) Use blinds or drapes on windows to eliminate bright light. Blinds and furniture placement should be adjusted to allow light into the room, but not directly into your field of view. 

(ii) Use indirect or shielded lighting where possible and avoid intense or uneven lighting in your field of vision. Ensure that lamps have glare shields or shades to direct light away from your line of sight. 

(iii) Reorient the workstation so bright lights from open windows are at right angles with the computer screen. 

(iv) High contrast between light and dark areas of the computer screen, horizontal work surface, and surrounding areas can cause eye fatigue and headaches. So, use well-distributed diffuse light. 

5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.

Ans: Hazards using computers: Hazards while using computers include poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These hazards may result in pain and strain. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue. In addition, glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes. Stretching at regular intervals or doing some simple yoga in your seat can mitigate such hazards. 

Handling office equipment: Improper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. For example, sharp edged equipment, if not handled properly, can cause cuts. Staff members should be trained to handle equipment properly. A relevant manual should be made available by the administration on handling equipment. 

Handling objects: Lifting or moving heavy items without proper procedure or techniques can be a source of potential hazard. Always follow approved procedures and proper posture for lifting or moving objects. 

Stress at work: In today’s organisations, you may encounter various stress-causing hazards. Long working hours can be stressful and so can aggressive conflicts or arguments with colleagues. Always look for ways for conflict resolution with colleagues. Have some relaxing hobbies for stress against long working hours. 

Working environment: Potential hazards may include poor ventilation, chairs and tables of inappropriate height, hard furniture, poor lighting, staff unaware of emergency procedures, or poor housekeeping. Hazards may also include physical or emotional intimidation, such as bullying or ganging up against someone. The staff should be made  aware of the organisation’s policies to fight against all the given hazards related to a working environment.

6. What are the examples of potential hazards? 

Ans: Workplaces that could impact any part of the human body. For example, a noisy machine or factory environment could damage the sense of hearing of the workers. In the same manner, exposure to bright lights and toxic fumes and vapour could damage the eyes and nose. There are also more serious and long-term health issues arising from hazardous workplaces, such as damage to the lungs because of the exposure to harmful chemicals.

7. Describe information technology workplace hazards? 

Ans: Hazards using computers: Hazards while using computers include poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These hazards may result in pain and strain. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue. In addition, glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes. Stretching at regular intervals or doing some simple yoga in your seat can mitigate such hazards.

8. What are the workplace safety rules?

Ans: (i) Learn and abide by company policy and procedures for dealing with security risks in the establishment.

(ii) Ensure that health and safety instructions applicable to the workplace are being followed.

(iii) Check the worksite for any possible health and safety hazards.

(iv) Follow manufacturer’s instructions and job specifications relating to safe use of materials specifically chemicals and power equipment.

(v) Follow electrical safety measures while working with electrically powered tools & equipment.

(vi)  Ensure safe handling and disposal of waste and debris.

(vii) Ensure electrical safety compliances and EMI/EMC hygiene requirements are met as per the guidelines.

9. List out different safety guidelines? 

Ans: (i) Lighting should be satisfactory in all areas and additional bulbs should be kept handy.

(ii) While using cutting tools, the direction of cutting should always be away from your body.

(iii) Arrange for frequent Safety Drills and Trainings to employees for safety awareness.

(iv) Ensure that all manual cutting tools must be honed in advance because blunt tools may slip and lead to deep cuts.

(v) Have a clear idea of how much authority and accountability you have to deal with security risks, including your legal rights and duties.

(vi) Employ a Safety Supervisor in the workshop.

(vii) Ensure that all Chemical Solutions used on display shelves or for Housekeeping purposes must be used only after mentioning to the relevant MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) or Instruction Manuals.

(viii) Loosely fitted clothes must be totally avoided because the loose ends may get caught in powered machinery and tools and may be lethal.

(ix)  Powered tools and equipment must be reviewed for any damage, before and after every use.

(x) All walkways should be free of clutter and debris, to avoid trips and falls.

(xi) Any spill should be cleared off instantly and ‘Wet Floor’ or ‘Work in Progress’ signs should be used in suitable places.

10. Describe the type of emergency with an example? 

Ans: An accident is an unplanned, uncontrolled, or unforeseen event resulting in injury or harm to people and damages to goods. For example, a person falling down and getting injured or a glassware item that broke upon being knocked over. Emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs immediate attention and action. For example, a customer having a heart attack or sudden outbreak of fire in your organization needs immediate attention.

SESSION 2: WORKPLACE QUALITY MEASURES

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SESSION 3: ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES

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