Class 12 Geography Important Chapter 10 Types of Settlements

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Class 12 Geography Important Chapter 10 Types of Settlements

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Types of Settlements

Chapter: 10

Fourth Group: Settlement Geography

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Short Answer Questions:

1. What is meant by a settlement?

Ans: Most people build houses and live at convenient locations according to their livelihoods. When a family or a small, mutually related group of people live together in one place, that arrangement is called a settlement.

2. In the true sense, how many main types of settlements—i.e., permanent settlements—are there, and what are they?

Ans: In essence there are two main types of permanent settlements: rural settlements and urban settlements.

3. What is a rural settlement?

Ans: People engaged in primary occupations—agriculture, fishing, animal husbandry, forestry, and mining—generally live in rural areas and depend heavily on the natural environment. The settlement pattern in such areas is called a rural settlement.

4. What is a suburban settlement?

Ans: The refined or upscale residential areas that spread around a city’s fringe but are outside the city proper are called suburban settlements.

5. What is a semi-urban settlement?

Ans: Independent focal centres in rural areas that possess city-like amenities are called rural central places, and the settlements that develop there are called semi-urban settlements.

6. Name the classes that include all kinds of rural areas when classified by the geometric pattern of settlement arising from the location of dwelling houses.

Ans: Linear settlement, circular (ring) settlement, rectangular (block-like) settlement, clustered/compact settlement, star-shaped (radial) settlement, and dispersed (scattered) settlement.

7. What is a linear settlement?

Ans: A rural settlement where houses are strung out in a long line along a riverbank or on both sides of a single road is called a linear settlement.

8. What is meant by a circular settlement?

Ans: When houses are built around mountain summits, plateaus, or certain water bodies, the rows of dwellings take on an oval/ring pattern; such a pattern is called a circular settlement.

9. What is a clustered (compact) settlement?

Ans: Where suitable land for habitation is limited, villagers build houses close together; this is called a clustered or compact settlement.

10. What is a dispersed settlement?

Ans: Where land productivity is low, many people cannot live close together and remain economically secure. In such settings, tiny hamlets of two or three houses form far apart; this is called a dispersed settlement.

11. What are the main causes of socio-cultural problems in cities?

Ans: Rapid population growth and lack of capital to expand adequate social services.

12. What are the main sources of air, water, and soil pollution in cities?

Ans: Pollutants emitted from vehicles, machinery, household activities/wastes, and commercial establishments.

13. What problem increases through urban water and food supplies?

Ans: The transmission of various pollutants and disease-causing germs to the human body.

14. What is meant by a clustered settlement?

Ans: A settlement in which many dwellings stand close together and gradually develop in an orderly, consolidated form. Such settlements are common on fertile land, in river valleys, and in urban residential areas, and also around shared livelihoods like weaving or fish culture.

15. Where do dispersed settlements generally develop?

Ans: In regions with low land productivity or where habitable land occurs in small, scattered patches. Houses are widely spaced—typical of deserts, grasslands, and infertile plateaus where the natural environment is less favourable for building settlements.