NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 31 Soaps, Detergents and Polymers

NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 31 Soaps, Detergents and Polymers Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 31 Soaps, Detergents and Polymers Notes in English and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Solutions English Medium Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Chemistry Notes Paper Code: 313.

NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 31 Soaps, Detergents and Polymers

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Notes, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Chemistry Solutions in English for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Soaps, Detergents and Polymers

Chapter: 31

Module VIII: Chemistry in Everyday Life

INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.1

1. What is the active component in soaps?

Ans: Sodium or potassium salt of higher fatty acid.

2. What are the raw materials used for the manufacture of soaps ?

Ans: Sodium or potassium hydroxide and oils and fats.

3. What is the polar part in a soap molecule?

Ans: Carboxylate anion.

4. What is the polar part (hydrophilic) in a synthetic detergent molecule?

Ans: Sulphonate anion.

5. What is the oil-soluble (lipophilic) part in the soap molecule?

Ans: Long normal alkyl chain.

6. Branched alkyl benzene sulphonate is more bio-degradable than linear alkyl

benzene sulphonate. Is it true or false?

Ans: False.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.2

1. Define the terms :

(i) Polymer.

Ans: Polymer is a giant chain like molecule obtained by inter-molecular combinations of similar or different types of smaller molecules.

(ii) Monomer.

Ans: Monomers are the low molecular mass simple molecules capable of forming inter-molecular linkage to give giant Molecules are called polymers.

2. Write one example of each of :

(i) Addition polymerization.

Ans: Polyethene.

(ii) Condensation polymerization.

Ans: Terelene.

3. Differentiate between homopolymers and copolymers.

Ans: (i) Hompolymers are polymers made of single monomer units, for example, polythene, polystyrene, or polybuta diene.

(ii) A copolymer is one which is formed by the co–polymerisation of two monomers. For example, Buna (or SBR, styrene – butadiene rubber)

4. Write monomers of Terylene and Nylon-66.

Ans: 

Polymer	Monomers
Terylene (PET)	Ethylene glycol and Terephthalic acid
Nylon-66	Hexamethylene diamine and Adipic acid

INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.3

1. Define natural and synthetic polymers with examples?

Ans: (i) Natural polymers are found in nature, (in animals and plants) e.g. proteins and nucleic acids.

(ii) Synthetic polymers are man-made. e.g. Nylon, polyesters and rubbers.

2. What are cross linked polymers? Give one example of this type.

Ans: The polymers in which the linear polymer chains are cross linked to form a three-dimensional network structure are called cross-linked polymers. The common example of this type of polymer is bakelite.

3. How do thermoplastic differ from thermosetting polymers?

Ans: Thermoplastics differ from thermosetting plastics in terms of mode of linkage and intermolecular forces. Thermoplastic polymer can be moulded in desired shape but thermosetting polymers set to shape on heating and can not be moulded.

4. Arrange the following polymers in the increasing order of their intermolecular forces. Also classify them as addition and condensation polymers. Nylon – 66, Buna-S, Polyethene.

Ans: Polyethene < Buna-S< Nylon-66

Nylon 66 : Condensation polymer.

Buna-S : Addition polymer.

Polyethene : Addition polymer.

INTEXT QUESTION 31.4

1. Write the IUPAC names and structures of monomers of the following polymers: (i) Natural rubber (ii) Neoprene.

Ans: (i) Monomer of natural rubber is:

2-methyl buta-1,3-diene.

(ii) Monomer of Neoprene is:

2. What is the function of sulphur in the vulcanization of rubber?

Ans: Sulphur makes the rubber more elastic, more ductile, less plastic and nonsticky.

3. What is Buna – S? How is it synthesized?

Ans: Buna-S is obtained by co-polymerization of butadiene and styrene in presence of sodium metal. Bu stands for butadiene, na for sodium and S stands for styrene, It is also called S.B.R.

4. Compare the properties (at least three) of natural rubber and vulcanized rubber?

Ans: (i) Natural rubber is soft and sticky, but vulcanised rubber is hard and non-sticky.

(ii) Natural rubber has less tensile strength while vulcanised rubber has high tensile strength.

(iii) Natural rubber is soluble in solvents like ether, carbon tetrachloride, petrol etc. whereas vulcanised rubber is insoluble in all common solvents.