NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 27 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

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NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 27 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Chapter: 27

Module – VII: Chemistry of Organic Compounds

INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.1 

1. Classify the following as aldehydes or ketones and give their IUPAC names:

(i) CH₃CHO

Ans: Aldehyde, Ethanal.

(ii) CH₃COCH₂CH₃

Ans: ketone, Butan-2-one.

(iii) 

Ans: ketone, 1-Phenylethanone.

(iv) OHCCH₂CH₃

Ans: aldehyde, Propanal.

2. How will you prepare propanone from propyne?

Ans: Using hydration with Hg²⁺.H⁺.

3. Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic addition reactions? 

Ans: Because they have one alkyl group whereas a ketone has two alkyl group. Hence, the carbonyl carbon in aldehydes is more positive.

Also, the two alkyl groups lead to more crowding in ketones.

4. Write the general structure for the following: 

(i) a cyanohydrin (ii) an acetal (iii) a hemiacetal.

Ans: 

5. 

Ans: By Wolff- Kirschner reduction or Clemmensen reduction.

6. What is an aldol? 

Ans: The product formed by the condensation of two aldehyde molecules having α-hydrogen atom. Aldol contains both an aldehyde and an alcohol functional group.

7. Write the equation for cannizzaro reaction using a suitable example.

Ans: 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.2 

1. Match the following compounds given in column I and their classes given in column II:

Column I	Column II
(i) CH₃COOH	(a) Carboxylic acid halide
(ii) CH₃CONH₂	(b) Carboxylic acid
(iii) CH₃COOCH₃	(c) Carboxylic acid anhydride
(iv) CH₃COCl	(d) Carboxylic acid amide
(v) CH₃COOCOCH₂Cl	(e) Ester

Ans:

Column I	Column II
(i) CH₃COOH	(b) Carboxylic acid
(ii) CH₃CONH₂	(d) Carboxylic acid amide
(iii) CH₃COOCH₃	(e) Ester
(iv) CH₃COCl	(a) Carboxylic acid halide
(v) CH₃COOCOCH₂Cl	(c) Carboxylic acid anhydride

2. Arrange the following acids in the increasing order of their solubility in water: 

CH₃COOH, CH₃(CH₂)₃COOH, p-ClC₆H₄COOH 

Ans: p – CIC₆H₄COOH < CH₃(CH₂)₃COOH < CH₃COOH

3. Which one of the following will be most acidic and why? 

Butanoic acid, 2-Chlorobutanoic acid, 3-Chlorobutanoic acid, 4- Chlorobutanoic acid.

Ans: 2-Chlorobutanoic acid, because of maximum –I effect of –Cl at 2 – position.

4. Give the products of the following reactions :

(i) 

Ans: HOOCCH₂CH₃.

(ii) 

Ans:

(iii) CH₃COOH + PCl₃ →

Ans: 3CH₃COCl + H₃PO₃

5. Why are carboxylic acids more acidic than alcohols?

Ans: Because of resonance stabilization of carboxylate anion. The alkoxide ion cannot stabilize by resonance.