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NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 17 Hydrogen and s-Block Elements
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Hydrogen and s-Block Elements
Chapter: 17
| Module – VI: Chemistry of Elements |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1
1. Name the isotopes of hydrogen.
Ans: Three isotopes of hydrogen are (a) protium ¹₁H, deuterium D or ²₁H and © tritium T or ³₁H.
2. Name the isotope of hydrogen which is radioactive?
Ans: Tritium.
3. Why is hydrogen used for filling balloons?
Ans: It is lightest of all the gases known.
4. Which gas is produced, when hydrogen combines with carbon?
Ans: Methane (CH₄).
5. Name the gas which is used for the production of fertilizers.
Ans: Ammonia (NH₃).
6. How are vegetable oils changed into vegetable ghee?
Ans: Vegetable oils +H₂ (443k)/(Ni) vegetable ghee.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2
1. Why does ice float on water?
Ans: Ice is less dense as compared to water. It has open spaces in the hydrogen bonded structure.
2. What is heavy water? Write its important uses.
Ans: D₂O; Moderator is nuclear reactors.
3. Give one method of preparation of hydrogen peroxide.
Ans: BaO₂.8H₂O + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + H₂O₂ + 8H₂O
4. Give two uses of hydrogen peroxide.
Ans: (a) as a bleaching agent.
(b) germicide and disinfectant.
5. How does hydrogen peroxide decolorize potassium permanganate?
Ans: H₂O₂ reduces KMnO₄
2KMnO₄ + 3H₂SO₄ + 5H₂O₂ → 2MnSO₄ + K₂SO₄ + 8H₂O + 5O₂Mn(+7) is reduced to Mn(+2).
6. Name the types of hydrides.
Ans: Three types of hydrides : ionic, covalent and interstitial.
7. NaH is covalent or ionic hydride?
Ans: Ionic hydride.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.3
1. Name the important ores of sodium.
Ans: NaCl and NaNO₃.
2. Arrange the alkali metals in order of increasing ionization enthalpy.
Ans: Cs < Rb < K < Na < Li.
3. Which of the alkali metals forms only monoxide?
Ans: Lithium.
4. Write down the chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with water.
Ans: 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
5. What type of bond exists in the hydrides of alkali metals?
Ans: Ionic.
6. Name the element which forms (i) peroxide, (ii) superoxide.
Ans: (i) Sodium (ii) potassium.
7. Write chemical equation when NaHCO3 is heated.
Ans: 2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂
8. Li⁺ resembles Mg²⁺. Why?
Ans: Same polarising power.
9. Name the common ore of Mg.
Ans: Carnallite (KCl.MgCl₂.6H₂O).
10. Arrange the alkaline earth metals in order of increasing reactivity.
Ans: Be < Mg < Ca < Sr < Ba.
11. Name an amphoteric oxide of alkaline earth metals.
Ans: BeO.
12. Arrange the carbonates of alkaline earth metals in order of thermal stability.
Ans: BeCO₃ < MgCO₃ < CaCO₃ < SrCO₃ < BaCO₃.
13. What is the biological role of Ca²⁺.
Ans: Teeth enamel.
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