Class 12 Anthropology Important Chapter 3 Human Biological Variation and Concept of Race

Class 12 Anthropology Important Chapter 3 Human Biological Variation and Concept of Race Solutions English Medium As Per The New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Anthropology Important Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Anthropology Additional Notes Download PDF. HS 2nd Year Anthropology Additional Solutions.

Class 12 Anthropology Important Chapter 3 Human Biological Variation and Concept of Race

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Human Biological Variation and Concept of Race

Chapter: 3

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer the Following Questions:

1. Who gave the genetic definition of race in 1960?

Ans: M.F. Ashley Montagu.

2. What is the study of fingerprint and skin ridge patterns called?

Ans: Dermatoglyphics.

3. What is the characteristic eye fold of Mongoloids called?

Ans: Epicanthic fold.

4. Who discovered the ABO blood group system?

Ans: Karl Landsteiner.

5. What does a triradius in fingerprints indicate?

Ans: The meeting point of three ridge systems.

6. What is the facial index range for mesoprosopic face?

Ans: 84.0 to 87.9.

7. What is race in biological terms?

Ans: Race is a population within the species Homo sapiens that shares a distinctive combination of inherited physical and genetic traits. It is a classification used to group humans based on observable differences such as skin colour, hair type, facial features, and gene frequencies.

8. Define dermatoglyphics and mention its significance.

Ans: Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of skin ridge patterns on fingers, palms, toes, and soles. These patterns are permanent and unique to individuals and are used in racial classification due to their heritable nature.

9. Describe the structure of Filfil hair.

Ans: Filfil hair is extremely tightly coiled and appears as small knots or peppercorns. It is commonly seen among Bushmen and is a characteristic of the Negroid racial group.

10. What is the facial index? How is it calculated?

Ans: The facial index is the ratio used to determine facial shape.

It is calculated as:

(Facial Length ÷ Bizygomatic Breadth) × 100

It helps classify faces into types like euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, or leptoprosopic.

11. Explain the importance of ABO blood group in racial studies.

Ans: ABO blood groups are genetically determined and show variation in frequency among races and regions. Their stability makes them useful markers for studying genetic differences and human evolution.

12. What is meant by ‘morphological traits’ in racial studies?

Ans: Morphological traits are observable physical characteristics such as hair form, skin colour, face shape, and eye structure, used in identifying and classifying races.

13. Mention any two limitations of race as a biological concept.

Ans: (i) Human variation is continuous and not discrete.

(ii) Genetic variation within races is often greater than between races.

14. What is meant by the term ‘epicanthus’?

Ans: Epicanthus is a fold of skin from the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner of the eye. It is a typical feature of Mongoloid eyes.

15. Explain the concept of ‘triradius’ with reference to fingerprint analysis.

Ans: Triradius is the point where three ridge systems meet in a fingerprint pattern. It is used to differentiate arches (no triradius), loops (one triradius), and whorls (two triradii).