Class 12 Economics Important Chapter 13 Poverty in India

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Class 12 Economics Important Chapter 13 Poverty in India

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Poverty in India

Chapter: 13

PART – B: INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Short Questions and Answers:

1. What are the two types of poor people taken together that are known as chronic poor? 

Ans: The “always poor” and the “usually poor.”

2. What is the term for people who regularly move in and out of poverty? 

Ans: Churning poor.

3. Who was the first person to discuss the concept of the poverty line in pre-independent India? 

Ans: Dadabhai Naoroji.

4. What was the calorie requirement set by the Planning Commission for a person in rural areas? 

Ans: 2400 calories per day.

5. What was the calorie requirement for a person in urban areas? 

Ans: 2100 calories per day.

6. What is the full form of MPCE? 

Ans: Monthly Per Capita Expenditure.

7. What is the definition of the poverty line? 

Ans: It’s a cut-off point that divides the population into poor and non-poor.

8. What is the term for the total number of people below the poverty line? 

Ans: Head count.

9. What is the primary measure used in India to determine the poverty line? 

Ans: Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE).

10.  What is the main difference between chronic and transient poverty? 

Ans: Chronic poor are consistently poor, while transient poor move in and out of poverty.

11. Which type of poverty is a comparative study between different nations or societies? 

Ans: Relative poverty.

12. Which type of poverty refers to the inability to meet minimum consumption requirements? 

Ans: Absolute poverty.

13. What was the poverty ratio in India in 2011-12? 

Ans: 21.9 percent.

14. According to the text, which state had the highest poverty ratio in 2011-12? 

Ans: Madhya Pradesh and Odisha (36%).

15. Name one common characteristic of poor people mentioned in the text. 

Ans: Hunger and malnutrition, poor health, or limited economic opportunities.

16. What is the “trickle down effect”? 

Ans: The idea that benefits of economic growth will automatically reach the poor.