Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 11 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

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Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 11 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

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Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Chapter: 11

MCQs

Choose the Correct Option:

1. Which of the following is the key principle behind modern biotechnology?

(i) Genetic engineering.

(ii) Bioprocess engineering.

(iii) Both (i) and (ii).

(iv) None of the above.

Ans: (iii) Both (i) and (ii).

2. What is the core technique that led to the birth of modern biotechnology?

(i) Genetic engineering.

(ii) Cloning.

(iii) PCR.

(iv) Bioreactors.

Ans: (i) Genetic engineering.

3. What is the first step in genetic engineering?

(i) Transformation.

(ii) Isolation of DNA.

(iii) Ligation of DNA.

(iv) Cloning.

Ans: (ii) Isolation of DNA.

4. The term ‘biotechnology’ was coined by:

(i) Louis Pasteur.

(ii) Stanley Cohen.

(iii) Herbert Boyer.

(iv) Karl Ereky.

Ans: (iv) Karl Ereky.

5. What is a plasmid?

(i) A small circular DNA molecule found in eukaryotic cells.

(ii) A virus used in gene therapy.

(iii) A circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotic cells.

(iv) A protein that helps in DNA replication.

Ans: (iii) A circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotic cells.

6. What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) used for?

(i) Cloning genes.

(ii) Amplifying DNA.

(iii) Cutting DNA at specific sites.

(iv) Inserting genes into vectors.

Ans: (ii) Amplifying DNA.

7. Which enzyme is responsible for joining DNA fragments during genetic engineering?

(i) DNA polymerase.

(ii) Restriction enzyme.

(iii) DNA ligase.

(iv) RNA polymerase.

Ans: (iii) DNA ligase.

8. Which of the following is an example of a commonly used cloning vector?

(i) Escherichia coli.

(ii) Plasmids.

(iii) Viruses.

(iv) Both (ii) and (iii).

Ans: (iv) Both (ii) and (iii).

9. Which of the following is required for gene cloning?

(i) Restriction enzymes.

(ii) Vectors.

(iii) Host cells.

(iv) All of the above.

Ans: (iv) All of the above.

10. The term “recombinant DNA” refers to:

(i) DNA from one organism.

(ii) Artificially created DNA with genes from multiple sources.

(iii) DNA naturally occurring in organisms.

(iv) None of the above.

Ans: (ii) Artificially created DNA with genes from multiple sources.

11. What is the function of DNA polymerase in PCR?

(i) To synthesize RNA.

(ii) To amplify DNA.

(iii) To cut DNA at specific locations.

(iv) To seal DNA fragments.

Ans: (ii) To amplify DNA.

12. What is the main feature of a competent host cell?

(i) Ability to replicate foreign DNA.

(ii) Ability to degrade foreign DNA.

(iii) Ability to produce proteins.

(iv) Ability to accept recombinant DNA.

Ans: (iv) Ability to accept recombinant DNA.

13. What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in recombinant DNA technology?

(i) To cut DNA.

(ii) To separate DNA fragments based on size.

(iii) To amplify DNA.

(iv) To insert genes into vectors.

Ans: (ii) To separate DNA fragments based on size.

14. Which of the following is used to amplify a specific DNA sequence in PCR?

(i) Restriction enzymes.

(ii) Primers.

(iii) Ligases.

(iv) Vectors.

Ans: (ii) Primers.

15. Which of the following methods is used to introduce recombinant DNA into host cells?

(i) Heat shock.

(ii) Biolistics.

(iii) Electroporation.

(iv) All of the above.

Ans: (iv) All of the above.