SCERT Class 10 Social Geography Unit 4 Geography Of Assam The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters Assam Board SCERT Class 10 Social Geography Unit 4 Geography Of Assam and select needs one.
SCERT Class 10 Social Geography Unit 4 Geography Of Assam
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given SEBA SCERT Class 10 Social Geography Unit 4 Geography Of Assam Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…
Q 21. Discuss briefly the role of agriculture sector on Assam’s economy.
Ans: Assam is an Agricultural state. The main occupation of people of the state is Agriculture. In fact, over 75 per cent of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Agricultural is the foundation of Assam’s economy and the main driving force of the state’s economy. More than 53 per cent of the working population of the state is directly or indirectly engaged in the agricultural sector. Moreover, the main agricultural products like tea, jute, rubber, etc. exported outside the state bring a lot of revenue for the state. Over 50 per cent of the tea produce in the country comes from Assam. This also brings considerable income for the state. Several argo- based industries of the state such as food processing industry, tea industry, tea industry, paper industry, sugar industry, oilseed industry, etc. Totally depend on agriculture for their survival. In this way, agricultural constitutes one of the main pillars of Assam’s economy.It sustain the state’s economy.
Q 22. What are the argo- climate region of Assam ? Mention the characteristics of each them in brief.
Ans: the argo- climate region of Assam have been demarcated on basis of soil types and properties, topographical characteristics, and rainfall and temperature distribution. The state has been divided into the six agro- climate zones as shown below:
Q 23. What are the types of rice cultivate in Assam? Briefly write about these.
Ans: Rice is the staple crop of Assam. It is cultivated in all six argo-climate zones of the state. The statistics show that in the year 2011- 12, 10 types of rice was was produced in total. The main types of rice cultivate in the state are:
(i) Winter rice: Winter rice ( sali rice) is the most extensively cultivated of rice in Assam. It is cultivated in over ,70 per cent of the total rice growing areas of Assam. It grow very well in the fertile alluvial soils of the Brahmaputra and Barak valleys. It is planted by the plantation methods generally in July – August and harvested in November – December.
(ii) Autumn rice : Autumn rice is cultivated in the fertile soils of the plains and in the lower plains of the Brahmaputra Valley. It is cultivated using both sowing and planting methods in February – March and harvest in June – July.
(iii) Summer rice ( Bodo Rice) is cultivated in almost all the district be of Assam. It is cultivated in the low- lying areas during winter months and harvested during summer months of June- July before the floods. This rice is very popular among the farmers living in the flood – affected regions.
Q 24. Why is rice considered as the principal crop in Assam?
Ans: Rice considered to be the principal crop in Assam because of the following reason:
(i) rice is cultivated in all the six argo-climate zones of the state. In other words, it is cultivated in the all district of the state . No other crop is cultivated as extensively as rice is.
(ii) Assam has the ideal conditions for growing rice such as suitable climate, plenty of water , fertile soil , floods plains, etc.
(iii) the net cropped area of Assam was 37.10 lakh hectares (2011-12) of which 25, 45 lakh hectares was under rice cultivation.with over 60% of the cropped area under rice, makes rice and principal crop of the state.
Q 25. What are the pulses cultivated in Assam?
Ans: The different varieties of pulses cultivated in Assam are blackgaram, Greengram, lentil,pea, arahar, gram, etc. Pulses were cultivated over 1.32 lakh hectares of cultivated area during 2011-2012 with a total production of 0.76lakh metric tonnes.
Q 26. Write briefly about jhum cultivation ( shafting cultivation) carried out in Assam.
Ans : One of the notable features of the agriculture practice in the hill districts of karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao in Assam is the practice of agriculture jhum ( shifting) cultivation. It is estimated that around 55452 sq km in karbi Anglong district and 2597 sq km in Dima Hasao district are under this from of cultivation. Jhum cultivation is a traditional system
of cultivation generally practiced by the tribals whereby they clear the forest on the suitable slopes of the hills by burning and cultivate the land for two or three years until the soil loses its fertility. They then leave the place and society, culture and living style of the hill tribes. It is a mixed type of agriculture that fails to give good production. It causes environmental problems like deforestation, soil erosion, air pollution loss of soil fertility z etc. Moreover, it profoundly affects the ecological balance of nature which in turn leads to Natural calamities.
Q 27. What are the major aims of the Assam Industrial and Investment policy, 2014?
Ans : The major aims of Industrial and Investment policy, 2014 are:
(i) To raise the Gross Domestic product ( GDP) of Assam by developing the manufacturing and service sectors with the different economic activities.
(ii) To Increase the per capita income and employment opportunities, especially in the rural areas.
(iii) To encourage and Increase investment for the development of micro, small and medium industries.
(iv) To create a large number of skilled personnel.
Q 28. What do you mean by the term ‘ service sectors industries? Briefly explain taking examples form Assam.
Ans : service sector Industries are those industries which earn revenue through providing intangible products and services. Goods produced by the primary and secondary sector Industries are brought to the people through tertiary or service sector Industries. In Assam the following service sector Industries are well developed :
(i) Tradeb.
(ii) Transport and communication.
(iii) Tourism industry
(iv) Hotel industry.
(v) Banking and Insurance service vi) All types of business
(vii) public administration
(viii) Medical The trade industry is very important in Assam. Tea has played a major role in boosting this industry. The transport and communication industry has received great impetus in the recent years, but it has always been very crucial in Assam as Assam is the gateway to all the other states of the region . Hence roads, railways and airways and telecom Industries are all seeing great development. Presence of over 25 National parks and wild life sanctuaries in Assam, ancient religion monuments, the mighty Brahmaputra and many scenic location makes the state a tourist attractions, and so the state has a developed tourism industry. Tourism and economic position of the capital of Guwahati , has led to the coming up of numerous hotels, including five star category hotels. Similarly the great population of the state has led to the development of all other service Industries such as business , baking, insurance, medical, administration, etc .
Q 29. What are the major agro – based Industries of Assam ?
Ans : The major argo- based Industries of Assam are :
(i) Forestry
(ii) Tea industry
(iii) silk industry
(iv) Rubber industry
(v) Food processing industry
(vi) paper industry
(vii) Allied Industries such as fishery, animal husbandry, etc.
Q 30. Write about the tea industry in Assam?
Ans: Tea industry is considered to be the largest agro- based industry in Assam. It plays a significant role in the economy of the state. It brings in good revenue and provides employment to thousands of people. Tea cultivation flourishes in the state due to ideal climatic and topographical conditions. Assam has about 765 tea estates and over 78,091 small tea gardens. Tea is captivated over 318 thousand no hectares of land and Assam produced about 590 thousand tonnes of tea in 2012. More than 6.86 lakh people are employed on daily basis in the tea in around 88 thousand hectares of land and produce about 107 thousand tonnes of tea. Assam holds the top position in tea production in India by producing 51to 53 per cent of the whole country.
Q 31. State the present status of the fish industry of Assam.
Ans: At present fishery is flourishes in the economic sector of Assam. The state has excellent conditions for the development of fish industry. It has numerous rivers, wetlands, abandoned channels, marshy lands and a good number of smaller water bodies such as pits, ponds, tanks, etc.where fishes are available . Plenty of fish is also naturally available in the wetlands of the Brahmaputra and Barak flood plains. There is no doubt that the production in the sector can be Increased by applying scientific methods of fish cultivation . According to the data available, there are about 430 government registered wetlands covering about 60 thousand hectares and another 767 unregistered wetlands covering a total of 40 thousand hectares. Besides, there are abundant tanks, marshy lands waterbodies which can be used as fishing grounds. It is seen that production fish seedling Increased by 2.5 time while fish production Increased only by 1.5 times during the last ten years. During the years 2011- 12, district- wise production pattern of fish seeds reveals that Brapeta district is leading followed by karimganj and Nagaon districts. Figures also reveal that the district of Nagaon leads in the production of fish followed by cachar and Dhubri which occupy the second and third position in the state respectively. The fishery sector contributes only two per cent to the state domestic product. At present, Assam import around 0.20 lakh tonnes of fish annually from the state other state of the country. However, the production of fish and imported fish together not sufficient to meet the domestic demand. Thus, an annual deficit of 0.52 lakh tonnes of fish in the state has led to rapid Increase in the price of fish.
Q 32 . Mention the problems of agriculture development in Assam.
Ans: The problems of agriculture development in Assam are:
(i) people still continue to use traditional methods of cultivation in most parts of the state leading to low production.
(ii) people of the hill districts of karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao continue to practice jhum cultivation which has serious negative consequences such as deforestation , soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, extremely low production, etc.
(iii) Existing of small agricultural holdings prevent mechanisation of agriculture or the use of modern implements and techniques for cultivation.
(iv) In many places of the state, cultivation can be improved with proper irrigation facilities. The available facilities in this regard are underdeveloped and totally inadequate.
(v) Rich is the main crop of the state. But most farmers follow the traditional methods of cultivation which result is low production.
(vi) Floods which occur almost every year in the state often destroy the crops and inundated over 25% of croplands. It leads to rivers bank erosion which which causes loss of fertile agricultural lands.
(vii) The system of storage of agriculture crops is traditional and inadequate.
(viii) Farmers do not get a fair price for their products and so remain poor.
(ix) The system of granting agricultural subsidy or providing high yielding varieties of seeds and modern fertilisers are still lacking in the state. Methods related to crop production and harvesting are not yet developed.
(x) Granting of agriculture loans is a difficult process in the state.The rural farmers therefore approach the local money lenders who charge them exorbitant rates which ultimately ruin them completely.
(xi) Due to lack of developed communication and Transport system, there is no linkage between village and the market towns.
(xii) The agricultural sector and Argo – based Industries are not well integrated and their growth not parallel.
(xiii) Agricultural planning is not in place to place agricultural Activities and farmers during drought, etc.
(xiv) Crop protection and harvesting methods are underdeveloped.
(xv) Overall infrastructure of the state is poor, obstructing agricultural development.
Q 33. Why is the Industrial development in the state still slow?
Ans : Although the state of Assam has abundant reserves of many minerals yet it hasn’t made much headway in Industrial development. The main reason for slow Industrial development are:
(i) There is a lack of comprehensive and integrated planning for Industrial development through proper resource utilisation.
(ii) The agro-based Industries haven’t made much headway despite good prospects.
(iii) The transport and communication network in the state developed.
(iv) The state faces the problem of insufficient funds.
(v) The people and the youth in particular are not given adequate training in employability or entrepreneurs skills to be create an interest in industry establishment.
(vi) The Industrial policy of the government is not simple and flexible.
(vii) Investment in the Industrial Industrial sector is lacking. Investors from outside are not willing to invest in the state, especially due to insurgency problems.
(viii) Tourism industry despite great potential is not being explored to the full.
(ix) The food processing industry has not grown due to lack of storage and preservation facilities for perishable argo- products.
(x) In general the whole infrastructure set- up of the state is not conducive to Industrial development.
Q 34. Mention the problems of tourism industry of Assam.
Ans: The problems of tourism industry of Assam are:
(i) Inadequate capital investment in this sector both by government and private parties.
(ii) Underdeveloped transport system.
(iii) Lack of proper planning and development of tourist sites.
(iv) poor infrastructure facilities beyond the capital city.
(v) Very little publicity about the tourist avenues of the state.
(vi) Lack of air travel facilities to different parts of the state.
(vii) Fear of travel to Assam caused by insurgency problem.
Q 35. What are the prospects of economic development of Assam?
Ans: The state of Assam is Rich in many Resources. It has adequate land, forest, mineral and human resources. It has extensive plains, big rivers large of forest, vast flood plains, numerous wetlands, long stretches of low -lying mountain slopes, etc. All of these, if properly developed, can boost economic development of state. The state is rich in mineral resources such as coal, oil, natural gas and limestone. These resources, if adequately utilised and developed, can bring high Industrial development in the state.
The Argo-based Industries such as tea industry , rubber Industry , paper industry, jute industry , food processing industry, etc.have great potential to develop. However,these Industries can can flourish only in an atmosphere of government support, peaceful environment and people’s cooperation, which the sate lacks today.
It is the fact that the vast human potential of the state is not fully developed. There are about 10 million young people in the age group of 15-34 of the 31 million people in the state. Their potential has not been fully tapped. They can be made more efficient by providing the state their potential has not been fully tapped. They can be made more efficient by providing employability skills, vocational training and proper direction during their course of studies. The needs to focus on vocationalisation of school education and create many more institution of higher learning in the state.
In this manner, all the available resources of the state should be utilised to bring about better economic development. This is possible with clear – cut planning, better Investment, peaceful atmosphere , efficient government, active people’s participation and by democratic functioning at the grassroot level.
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