Class 12 Education Chapter 5 (B) Attention and Interest The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SCERT Class 12 Sociology Class 12 Education Chapter 5 (B) Attention and Interest and select need one.
Class 12 Education Chapter 5 (B) Attention and Interest
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 12 Education Chapter 5 (B) Attention and Interest Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…
QUESTIONS FOR 5 MARK EACH
Q.1. What is attention? Give some important definitions of attention.
Ans :- Attention is the focussing of consciousness on an idea or object of thought. We see various things around us – different people, different objects, different colours and hear different sounds. We do not and can not pay attention to all of them at a time. A particular person, object sound attracts our attention.
We focus our consciousness on that particular thing which attracts us. This focussing of consciousness is called attention This is a process of selection of our stimuli and elimination of others, Je we focus our consciousness on several things at a time, our ideas about things will not be clear. Attention helps us to get a clear and definite idea of a particular object.
According to James Ross, “Attention is a process of getting an object of thought clearly before the mind.”
According to Guilford, “There is conscious selection of what one is going to observe goes by the name of attention.”
According to W. R. Ryburn, “Attention is an activity of the personality and into it enter feeling and will as well as the fundamental activity we call cognition.”
Q.2. Discuss about the importance of attention in education.
Ans :- Attention and interest play a vital role in education. Without attention and interest learning is not possible. It is the primary duty of the teacher to create attention and interest. The success of a teacher largely depends on his ability to create interest in the subjects taught in the class. When the teacher is able to create interest in the student in the subject and the class he will be automatically attentive to them and learning will take place easily. That is why in the child centric education emphasis is laid on the study of interest of the child.
The child has to be mentally prepared to learn. It is not an easy task for the teacher to have a fairly good knowledge. Through his study of child psychology the teacher knows how to create interest in the subject he teaches. The teacher has to know desire, interest, aptitude of the child to motivate the child to read and learn. Once the teacher succeeds in creating interest of the child in the subjects, the learning process automatically begins. The teachers then do not have to toil hard to teach. Interest leads to attention which results in learning. A skilful and efficient teacher tries to help the pupils to learn on their own after creating interest and encouraging them to embark upon the rodeos work of study.
The curriculum should be framed keeping in view the child’s interest, aptitude, desire, need etc. Without attention learning is difficult. Interest creates attention. So both attention and interest are important in the education of the child. Modern education is child-centric, not subject centric. So, children’s interest and attention are given due emphasis in the modern educational set-up. Great educationists believe that the child learns when he feels interest which prompts and impels him to make efforts and work according to his ability. It is apparent that interest and attention are indispensable to education.
Q.3. Describe the characteristics of attention.
Ans :- Characteristics of attention :- Following are the main characteristics of attention :-
( i ) Selection :- Attend on is selective. We do not pay attention to everything. The mind makes selection before attending to a particular thing. Only those things which are of interest to us get our attention.
( ii ) Mobility :- Attention keeps moving from one object or activity to another. Attention cannot be fixed on a particular object for long.
( iii ) Motor adjustment :- In a lecture hall it is seen that when the audience is interested in the lecture, people bring their head forward and adjust their movements in such a way that they can hear more. This is characteristic of attention. When we pay attention our bodily movements are adjusted to the need.
( iv ) Narrow range :- Attention is limited to a narrow range. We cannot attend to several things at a time.
( v ) Clarity :- When attention is paid to an object it becomes vivid to us.
( vi ) Purposeful :- There is some purpose behind attention.
( vii ) Exploratory :- Attention helps us to explore things and qualities of things.
(viii) Systematic :- Attention is a systematic and unified mental action.
(ix) Nervous system :- Attention leads to change in the nervous system.
Q.4. Classify attention into different types and explain each type with example.
Ans :- There are two types of attention :-
(i) Volitional attention and
(ii) Non-volitional attention.
Volitional attention is one which requires some struggle or effort of the will. Under the stress of some problems we try to understand and attend To a subject even if we have no interest in it. For instance, a student is Studying a book on physics, as he has to appear in the examination. But he has no interest in the subject . He has prescribed himself a goal, that of passing the examination and to aćcomplish it he has to attend to it. This attention is volitional attention.
On her hand non-volitional attention is one in which no effort is required to attend. Non-volitional attention may be divided into two types. Spontaneous and enforced. In spontaneous attention we attend to something due to our natural interest in it. In enforced attention we attend to an object or idea due to the stimulation of the sense organs.
There are some other types of attention :-
( i ) Voluntary attention.
(ii) Involuntary attention.
(iii) Sensory attention.
(iv) Ideational attention.
(v) Direct attention.
(vi) Indirect attention .
(vii) Analytical attention .
(viii) Synthetical attention .
(ix) Theoretical attention and
(x) Habitual attention.
Q.5. What are the objective conditions of attention? Discuss about some important objective conditions of attention.
Ans :- One of the conditions of attention is objective condition. Following are the objective conditions of attention.
(a) Intensity of stimulus :- Loud sounds and bright lights naturally attract one’s attention.
( b ) Change :- Sudden changes of the stimulus make us curious and attentive.
( C ) Novelty :- New objects attract attention more rapidly.
( d ) Movement :- Moving things attracts our attention easily.
( e ) Clearness of outline :- If a thing appears clearly before our eyes it naturally attracts our attention.
Q.6. What are the subjective conditions of attention? Discuss about some important subjective factors of attention.
Ans :- The subjective conditions of attention are :-
( i ) Instincts :- Instincts are the inherited structural dispositions that impel the possessor to perceive and pay attention to some objects. Out of curiosity we pay attention to certain objects.
( ii ) Interests and aptitudes :- Our aptitudes are reinforced by our interests and attention which go side by side. We pay attention to those things for which we have the aptitude and interest.
(iii) Sentiments :- Sentiments are acquired dispositions centering around an object, an idea or an ideal. Our sentiments impel us to pay attention to the object.
( iv ) Habits :- Another important subjective condition of attention is habit. We will habitually attend to certain things and not to others. Good habits will automatically impel us to do and attend to desirable activities and objects.
Q.7. What is attention? Describe its determinants.
Ans :- Attention is generally defined as the ‘focussing and consciousness on an idea or object of thought’. Attention is always present in our conscious life. In every moment of our waking life we are attending to something. The process of attention helps us to understand ideas and objects clearly.
One of the conditions of attention is objective condition. Following are the objective conditions of attention.
( a ) Intensity of stimulus :- Loud sounds and bright lights naturally attract one’s attention.
( b ) Change :- Sudden changes of the stimulus make us curious and attentive.
( C ) Novelty :- New objects attract attention more rapidly.
( d ) Movement :- Moving things attracts our attention easily.
( e ) Clearness of outline :- If a thing appears clearly before our eyes it naturally attracts our attention.
The subjective conditions of attention are :-
( i ) Instincts :- Instincts are the inherited structural dispositions that impel the possessor to perceive and pay attention to some objects. Out of curiosity we pay attention to certain objects.
( ii ) Interests and aptitudes :- Our aptitudes are reinforced by our interests and attention which go side by side. We pay attention to those things for which we have the aptitude and interest.
(iii) Sentiments :- Sentiments are acquired dispositions centering around an object, an idea or an ideal. Our sentiments impel attention to the object.
(iv) Habits :- Another important subjective condition of attention is habit. We will habitually attend to certain things and not to others. Good habits will automatically impel us to do and attend to desirable activities and objects.
Q.8. What is interest? What are the source/factors on which it depends?
Ans :- Interest means ‘it matters to us.’ When we say that a person is interested in music, we mean that music matters to him. We have instinct and sentiments which are the two sources of interest. All of us are instinctively interested in our self-preservation. The birds are interested in nests, the infants in bright objects, the grown-up children in games.
Similarly, sentiments are also the sources of interest. When we say that a person is interested in swimming, we mean that he had developed a sentiment for swimming.
Factors :-
( i ) Innate tendencies :- On various occasions innate or inborn tendencies are basically responsible for our peculiar interests.
( ii ) Age :- Interest varies as one grows older.
(iii) Sex :- Interest is influenced by sex differences. It amounts for the pattern of preferred hobbies and leisure time activities of boys and girls.
(iv) Physical condition :- Interest depends upon physical efficiency and readiness.
(v) Intelligence :- Intelligence is also another source of interest as ability differences are accompanied by interest differences.
(vi) Socio-economic status :- Individuals coming from different socio- economic environments show different patterns of interest.
(vii) Learning and habit :- Learning and habits are factors of interest, learning and habits make one concerned of anything.
Q.9. Describe different types of interest.
Ans :- Innate interest is natural and is within the individual. An individual is very much inclined to sex because he has a natural or innate interest in it.
On the other hand an individual may gain interest or acquire interest through a company. He may not be interested in smoking. But if he always moves with the friends who smoke regularly, he after sometime acquires interest in smoking. He becomes interested in smoking. This is called. acquired interest.
Innate interest is inborn. Mother’s interest in her child is innate. Boy and girl’s interest in each other is innate interest.
On the other hand interest in drawing, music, drama, social service etc., are acquired. It cannot be said as innate interest. This interest grows or develops with time and environment. So interest which gains is called acquired interest.
Q.10. Discuss about the characteristics of interest.
Ans :- Characteristics of interest are :-
( i ) Interest is that innate state of mind which inspires one act from within.
( ii ) Every one of us is blessed with feelings and interests that generally originate from them.
(iii) Interest may be innate or acquired.
(iv) Interest may be long lasting as well as temporary.
( v ) It is the driving force action.
(vi) It determines attention or striving aspects of experiences.
Q.11. Discuss about the role of teachers in developing interest and attention among the students.
Ans :- How the teacher can draw the attention of the students in the class :- The student can learn through attention. The primary responsibility of the teacher is to draw the attention of the student in order to impart effective instruction. The teacher should note the following to create attention in the students to make education meaningful.
( i ) Physical and Mental Development :- There is a close relation between physical-mental development of an individual and attention. At different stages of development the subject of attention also varies. So the teacher should plan the subject matter and adopt the method of teaching according to the need and specification at different stages of development of the student.
(ii) Objective and Subjective Condition :- At the lower level the teacher should make the objective (outward) condition attractive to – subjects. At higher-level the teacher should give more importance to the subjective (inward) condition.
(iii) Effective Method of Teaching :- It is through effective methods of teaching that a teacher can make the subject matter more appealing or attractive. It is apparent that this method of teaching should be practical.
(iv) Use of Audio-Visual Aids : The use of these modern education gadgets like T.V., radio, tape recorder etc. make teaching more interesting for which the students pay attention to it.
( v ) Use of Instances :- The teacher should use examples, instances, references at appropriate times and places while explaining the subject in order to make the conception of the subject clear to the students and draw their pointed (undivided) attention.
(vi) Teacher’s Personality :- Teacher’s physical appearance, sense of duty, amiability, scholarship, sociability etc. impress the students. As a result they become more interested in him and consequently pay attention to what he says.
Q.12. Write on educational significance of interest and attention.
Ans :- Attention and interest play a vital role in education. Without attention and interest learning is not possible. It is the primary duty of the teacher to create attention and interest. The success of a teacher largely depends on his ability to create interest in the subjects taught in the class. When the teacher is able to create interest in the student in the subject and the class he will be automatically attentive to them and learning will take place easily. That is why in the child centric education emphasis is laid on the study of interest of the child.
The child has to be mentally prepared to learn. It is not an easy task for the teacher to have a fairly good knowledge of the mind of the child. Through his study of child psychology the teacher knows how to create interest in the subject he teaches.
The teacher has to know desire, interest, aptitude of the child to motivate the child to read and learn. Once the teacher succeeds in creating interest of the child in the subjects, the learning process automatically begins. The teachers then do not have to toil hard to teach. Interest leads to attention which results in learning. A skilful and efficient teacher tries to help the pupils to learn on their own after creating interest and encouraging them to embark upon the rodeos work of study.
The curriculum should be framed keeping in view the child’s interest, aptitude, desire, need etc. Without attention learning is difficult. Interest creates attention. So both attention and interest are important in the education of the child. Modern education is child-centric, not subject centric.
So, children’s interest and attention are given due emphasis in the modern educational set-up. Great educationists believe that the child learns when he feels interest which prompts and impels him to make efforts and work according to his ability. It is apparent that interest and attention are indispensable to education.
Q.13. Give some suggestions for better concentration of attention.
Ans :- The teacher should adopt the following devices to make the pupils attentive in the classroom.
( i ) First, the teacher must recognise that children’s interest varies with age, and he must know what differences in interest arise at different stages of their development. The teacher should be familiar with them and should adjust both the subject matter and the method to the capabilities and mental development of his pupils.
( ii ) Secondly, interest can be aroused when the teacher justifies to the pupils the value and importance of what they are going to learn. It means that for learning a lesson pupils should have a motive.
(iii) Thirdly, the teacher should avoid monotony, because that kills interest.
(iv) Fourthly, the teacher, should desist from bitter criticism and negative attitude at the students’ activities, functions and achievements.
( v ) Lastly, the learning period of students should not be unusually long if the students interest and attention are to be sustained.
So, creating interest and attention in the students is a psychological device which largely depends on the attractive and professional efficiency of the teacher.
Q.14. Describe different sources of attention.
Ans :- One of the conditions of attention is objective condition. Following are the objective conditions of attention.
( i ) Intensity of stimulus :- Loud sounds and bright lights naturally attract one’s attention.
( b ) Change :- Sudden changes of the stimulus make us curious and attentive.
(c) Novelty :- New objects attract attention more rapidly.
( d ) Movement :- Moving things attracts our attention easily.
( e ) Clearness of outline :- If a thing appears clearly before our eyes it naturally attracts our attention.
The subjective conditions of attention are :-
( i ) Instincts :- Instincts are the inherited structural dispositions that impel the possessor to perceive and pay attention to some objects. Out of curiosity we pay attention to certain objects.
( ii ) Interests and aptitudes :- Our aptitudes are reinforced by our interests and attention which go side by side. We pay attention to those things for which we have the aptitude and interest.
(iii) Sentiments :- Sentiments are acquired dispositions centering around an object, an idea or an ideal. Our sentiments impel us to pay attention to the object.
( iii ) Habits :- Another important subjective condition of attention is habit. We will habitually attend to certain things and not to others. Good habits will automatically impel us to do and attend to desirable activities and objects.
Teacher succeeds in creating interest of the child in the subjects, the learning process automatically begins. The teachers then do not have to toil hard to teach. Interest leads to attention which results in learning. A skilful and efficient teacher tries to help the pupils to learn on their own after creating interest and encouraging them to embark on study.
The curriculum should be framed keeping in view the child’s interest, aptitude, desire, need etc. Without attention learning is difficult. Interest creates attention. So both attention and interest are important in the education of the child. Modern education is child-centric, not subject centric.
Q.15. Explain the concept of Interest. Describe the personal factors of interest.
Ans :- The word interest originated from a Latin word which means, “It matters” or “It concerns”. When something matters or concern for an individual, it means he has interest in that object or idea. A boy is interested in cricket. It means the sport called cricket matters to him or he is concerned about it.
The personal factors of interest are mentioned below :-
( i ) Innate tendencies : – On various occasions innate or inborn tendencies are basically responsible for our peculiar interests.
( ii ) Age :- Interest varies as one grows older. Thus age is also a source of interest.
( iii ) Sex :- Interest is influenced by sex differences. Sex differences account for the pattern of preferred hobbies and leisure time activities of boys and girls.
( iv ) Physical Conditions :- What a person does and likes to do is determined in part of least by his physical ability. Thus interest depends upon physical efficiency and readiness.
( v ) Intelligence :- Intelligence is also another source of interest. Ability differences are accompanied by interest differences.
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