Class 12 Education Chapter 5 (B) Attention and Interest The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SCERT Class 12 Sociology Class 12 Education Chapter 5 (B) Attention and Interest and select need one.
Class 12 Education Chapter 5 (B) Attention and Interest
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 12 Education Chapter 5 (B) Attention and Interest Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…
QUESTIONS FOR 3 MARK EACH
Q.1. Explain the positive and negative aspects of attention with examples.
Ans :- Merits :-
( i ) Attention is an act of focusing or concentrating our consciousness on a particular object or idea of the environment.
( ii ) Attention is a mental activity.
Demerits :-
( i ) Attention is mobile/dynamic .
( ii ) Attention is selective .
( iii ) At a particular span of time we can attend to very limited objects or ideas.
Q.2. Why interest is called latent attention. Explain.
Ans :- Mc Dougall finds a close relationship between attention and interest. We cannot attend to a thing if we do not have interest in it. On the other hand, we attend to it because we have interest in it. Where there is interest there is attention, Without interest attention is not consolidated.
Because of the close relationship between these two, psychologists seek to create interest to draw attention. It is obvious that a successful teacher keeps the attention of his students by creating it in his subjects. It is for this reason the curriculum is formed in such a way as to create interest.
Q.3. What is volitional attention? Give examples.
Ans :- When we attend to a thing or object with mental effort it is called voluntary attention. It does not come naturally out of interest. One has to make serious efforts or have a strong will to attend to something. A boy has a subject like anthropology which he does not like to study. But he has to make serious efforts to pay attention to this subject in order to pass. This is called voluntary attention.
Q.4. Explain with example the nature of analytical attention.
Ans :- When while paying attention every aspect of the object or idea is observed minutely it is called analytical attention. Instead of looking at the object of attention as a whole in analytic type, attention is focused on the details of an object.
For eg- While buying a dress if we pay attention to all the aspects the price, the quality of the material and the design etc. is the case and analytic attention.
Q.5. What is sensory attention?
Ans :- When attention is paid due to stimulation of the sense organs, it is termed as sensory attention. This type of attention is dependent upon three conditions – the attractive capacity of the stimulant or object of attention, alertness and sensual qualities of the five sense organs and readiness of the brain to act.
Q.6. Give three examples of ideational attention .
Ans :- Examples : (a) When an individual becomes mentally engrossed in something one may even become unconcerned of what is going in and around him.
(b) When poets are composing any work he is unaware of his present surroundings.
(c) When scientists are working on some projects he is unaware of his surroundings.
Q.7. Discuss attention as a process of focussing consciousness .
Ans :- Attention is the selective act of consciousness. To pay attention to mental activity. Unless the mind is active, it is not possible to focus attention on it. In order to focus attention on a particular object, the mind has to acquire and own the attitude of preparedness.
Q.8. “Attention is always shifting” -explain.
Ans :- Though we generally attend to one thing at a time our attention is elways shifting from one subject to another. It has been proved by experimentation that our attention to any one subject cannot last for more than a few seconds. Thus the general rule of attention is limited to one thing at a time, and shifts from one object to another in rapid succession.
Q.9. Give an example of derived attention.
Ans :- The daughter of minister can draw attention from the public because she is known to all as the daughter of minister not as a common girl. It is an example of derived attention.
Q.10. ‘A sleeping mother who is not disturbed by aloud noise outside, pays attention to even a faint cry of sick child.’ What is the reason?
Ans :- The cause of it is instinct. Instinct determines our attention internally. The attention of a mother to her child is occured due to instinct. Therefore even a sleeping mother who is not disturbed by a loud noise outside, pays attention to even a faint cry of her sick child.
Q.11. ‘ Interest resists fatigue’. – Explain.
Ans :- There is an intimate relationship between interest and attention. Without interest it is very difficult to pay attention because interest is one of the most stimulating condition of securing and capturing attention. Without interest we cannot pay attention in the fulfillment of the instinctive needs. We attend to those objects or experiences to which we are interested. If we have no interest to the objects then fatigue in there. That is why it is rightly remarked that interest resists fatigue.
QUESTIONS FOR 4 MARK EACH
Q.1. Volitional and non volitional interest.
Ans :- When we attend to a thing or object with mental effort it is called voluntary attention. It does not come naturally out of interest. One has to make serious efforts or have a strong will to attend to something. A boy has a subject like anthropology which he does not like to study. But he has to make serious efforts to pay attention to this subject in order to pass. This is called voluntary attention.
Involuntary attention comes spontaneously without any effort. If we are interested in a thing, there is no need for effort to pay attention to it. Attention comes automatically in this case. If we hear a melodious song of Lata Mangeshkar, we at once pay attention to it without the least effort. This is called involuntary attention.
Q.2. Sensory attention and Ideational attention.
Ans :- When attention is paid due to stimulation of the sense organs, it is termed as sensory attention. This type of attention is dependent upon three conditions – the attractive capacity of the stimulant or object of attention, alertness and sensual qualities of the five sense organs and readiness of the brain to act.
When we concentrate on an idea or thought it is called ideational attention. It is not dependent upon sensory organs. We can pay attention even in the absence of the stimulus, as in the case of a film seen before. We can concentrate on the ideas or the film which we witnessed before.
Q.3. Explicit and implicit attention .
Ans :- Explicit and implicit attention :- Explicit voluntary attention is paid clearly and definitely, due to the demand of the situation. In this type, the external condition of the environment forces individuals to pay attention. Thus voluntary attention that is paid immediately due to the attractive capacity of the stimulus is known as explicit voluntary attention.
Implicit voluntary attention comes from within and not creation by external factors. When one is deeply involved with something his attention naturally develops from within towards that object. Mental maturity, a high level of intelligence, mental determination etc are essential for paying this type of attention.
Q.4. Enforced and spontaneous attention .
Ans :- Enforce and spontaneous attention. In case of enforred non-voluntary attention the person is forced to pay attention due to the very strong and influential nature of the stimulant.
eg.- We are forced to pay attention if somebody shouts very loudly.
Spontaneous non-volitional attention is sustained by the acquired sentiment of the individual towards something. Here attention remains passive but acts spontaneously due to interest already formed in mind eg. attention paid towards a beautiful piece of music.
Q.5. Discuss about the relationship between attention and interest.
Ans :- There is a significant relationship between attention and interest. Attention may be a particular object or idea of thought in the environment. Attention is an active state of mind which involves organisation, concentration and selection of the objects in the environment. A particular thing, person, sound etc., attracts our attention. We focus our attention on a particular thing or idea.
Interest on the other hand is an innate and instinctive state of mind which remains dormant in the individual Mc dougall has pointed out that ‘interest is the latent state of our attention. So, the basic cause of our attention is that of interest.
We do not pay attention to anything that does not interest us. Interest impels us to attention. According to Mc.Dougall, ‘interest is latent attention and attention is interest in action.’ In the absence of interest, one is not able to attend. Interest is the course of attention no doubt, but it should be noted that attention may also be the cause of interest in the individual mind. A man may not have interest in mind, but due to voluntary attention, the object at last appears as interesting to him.
So, from the above discussion it is evident that there is a close relationship between interest and attention. Both are dependent on each other. Ross has pointed out that attention and interest are like the two sides of the same coin. So, we may say that interest helps to create attention. Where there is interest, there is attention. Similarly, where there is attention, there is interest.
Q.6. Write about distraction of attention.
Ans :- Distraction is defined as any stimulus which interferes with the process of attention. On many occasions we became unable to pay our attention to some object or situation, no matter how much effort we have made for it. It is because of the disturbance caused by the outside factors in our attention which is called distraction.
Lack of interest towards something may be the cause of distraction. Mental fatigue and physical weakness are also the cause of distraction which can break our attention. On the other hand, lack of stability of mind, lack of newness and unhygienic environment can cause distraction in our mind. This distraction can be removed by actively involving in our work. If we disregard distraction and accept it as a part of our work, then we can easily overcome the influence of distraction.
Q.7. Explain what you mean by fluctuation of attention.
Ans :- Attention constantly fluctuates and shifts from one object to another.
There are two types of fluctuations :-
( i ) fluctuation of amplitude and
( ii ) fluctuation of periodicity.
Q.8. ‘Attention and interest are two sides of a same coin’- explain.
Ans :- There is a significant relationship between attention and interest. Attention may be described as concentrations of our conscious mind at a particular object or idea of thought in the environment. Attention is an active state of mind, which involves organisation, concentration and selection of the objects in the environment. A particular thing, person, sound etc. attract our attention.
Interest is a subjective condition of attention. It refers to the motivating force that impels us to attend to an individual, a thing or an activity or it may be the affective experience that has been stimulated by the activity itself.
Attention and interest go side by side. There is a very close connection between the two. In the absence of interest it is difficult to pay attention. So, the major cause of our attention is interest. We attend to a thing in which we are interested. So interest has to be created in the things to which we want someone to pay attention.
According to Mc Dougall, “Interest is latent attention and attention is interest in action.” This implies that attention is the active state and such a state is due to the innate interest already there is mind. Interest is the essential condition of our attention.
Attention follows interest, but the converse is also true. When we pay attention to something we develop interest in that. Attention and interest is an organized disposition in the structure. According to Stout, “Attention is interested in determining cognitive processes.” This implies that interest is the cause of attention.
Keeping in view of this reciprocal relationship between attention and interest, Ross has rightly remarked, “They are merely different ways of looking at something, like the two sides of a coin.”
Q.9. Attention and interest are means and ends in education.
Ans :- Attention and interest play a vital role in education. Without attention and interest learning is not possible. It is the primary duty of the teacher to create attention and interest. The success of a teacher largely depends on his ability to create interest in the subjects taught in the class. When the teacher is able to create interest in the student in the subject and the class he will be automatically attentive to them and learning will take place easily. That is why in the child centric education emphasis is laid on the study of interest of the child.
The child has to be mentally prepared to learn. It is not an easy task for the teacher to have a fairly good knowledge of the mind of the child. Through his study of child psychology the teacher knows how to create interest in the subject he teaches. The teacher has to know desire, interest, aptitude of the child to motivate the child to read and learn.
Once the teacher succeeds in creating interest of the child in the subjects, the learning process automatically begins. The teachers then do not have to toil hard to teach. Interest leads to attention which results in learning. A skilful and – efficient teacher tries to help the pupils to learn on their own after creating interest and encouraging them to embark upon the rodeos work of study. The curriculum should be framed keeping in view the child’s interest, aptitude, desire, need etc. Without attention learning is difficult. Interest creates attention.
So both attention and interest are important in the education of the child. Modern education is child-centric, not subject centric. So, children’s interest and attention are given due emphasis in the modern educational set-up. Great educationists believe that the child learns when he feels interest which prompts and impels him to make efforts and work according to his ability. It is apparent that interest and attention are indispensable to education.
Q.10. What is fluctuation of attention? Discuss with example.
Ans :- Our attention always fluctuates from one object to another. It has proved that our attention to any object cannot last for more than a few seconds Thus, the general rule of attention is limited to one thing at a time, and shifts from one object to another in rapid succession. F/E during time of reading it a student liften a loud sound then his attention fluctuates from the book to that loud sound.
Q.11. ‘Interest is pre pre-condition of attention’- explain.
Ans :- Interest is per condition of attention, because interest determines attention. If something has a temporary interest then our attention is also temporary. Similarly attention leads to the development of interest. The students will attend the lesson only if they feel interested in it. But the lesson is not interesting and attention cannot be drawn. Attention follows interest and interest leads to more attention.
Q.12. ‘Absence of attention indicates absence of interest’- Discuss.
Ans :- Interest and attention go side by side. Both attention and interest are organised dispositions in the mental structure. Interest stands for the mental structure itself, and attention for the experience which that mental structure determines. So Mc Dougall says ‘that to have an interest in any object is, then, to be ready to pay attention to it.” Actually interest determines attention, if something has a temporary interest then our attention. is also temporary. Therefore it is said that absence of attention indicates absence of interest.
Q.13. Give an example where you have to pay sensory attention.
Ans :- Sensory attention is opposite to the ideational attention. When attention is paid due to stimulation of the sense organs, it is termed as sensory attention. This type of attention is dependent upon three conditions. They are the attractive capacity of the stimulant or object of attention, alertness and sensorial abilities of the five sense organs, and readiness of the brain to act.
For example the attention we pay to a blowing horn, or a bright light are examples of sensorial attention.
Q.14. “A sleeping mother who is not disturbed by a loud noise outside, pays attention to even a faint cry of her sick child’ – what the reason?
Ans :- To volunteer means to offer to do something out of one’s own will. As the name implies in voluntary or volitional attention, attention is paid without any outside interference or force. This type of attention comes from within and not created by external factors. When one is deeply involved with something his attention naturally develops from within towards that object. However mental maturity, a high level of intelligence, mental determination etc. essential for paying this type of attention.
| Sl. No. | Contents |
| Chapter 1 | Secondary Education in India and Assam |
| Chapter 2 | Non-Formal Education |
| Chapter 3 | Current Trends in Education |
| Chapter 4 | Learning |
| Chapter 5 | (A) Memory and Forgetting |
| Chapter 5 | (B) Attention and Interest |
| Chapter 6 | Mental Health & Hygiene |
| Chapter 7 | Educational Statistics |
Q.15. “Interest resists fatigue’- explain.
Ans :- Interest may refer to the motivating force that implies us to attend to a person, a thing, or an activity, or it may be the affective experience that has been stimulated by the activity itself. This importance and significance of interest in any learning activity cannot be exaggerated. Any volitional act whether it is for purposes of learning or memorising or satisfying one’s needs, cannot take place unless the person feels interested in it, and attends to it properly. This is because Interest resists fatigue’.
Q.16. ‘Attention accompanies motor adjustment’ – explain with illustration.
Ans :- Every act of attention has a corresponding motor adjustment of the body. While attending to something, our body has to make certain motor adjustments. These bodily or physical postures help in the act of attention.
Q.17. Discuss about the environmental factors of interest.
Ans :- The environmental factors of interest are as follows :-
(i) Educational environment .
(ii) It is environment is less stimulating to children.
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