Class 12 Education Chapter 1 Secondary Education in India and Assam The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SCERT Class 12 Sociology Class 12 Education Chapter 1 Secondary Education in India and Assam and select need one.
Class 12 Education Chapter 1 Secondary Education in India and Assam
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 12 Education Chapter 1 Secondary Education in India and Assam Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…
Questions for 2 mark each
1) Write two defects of education as pointed out by Mudaliar Commission.
Ans:- The defects of Secondary Education System are :-
i) The prevailing system of Indian secondary education is narrow and one – sides. It has failed to train the whole personality of the students.
ii) The education given in our school is isolated from life while the curriculum as formulated and as presented through the traditional methods of teaching does not give the students insight into the everyday would in which they are living.
iii) Until comparatively recently English was both the medium of instruction and a compulsory subject of study.
iv) The method of teaching generally practised failed to develop in the student their independence of thought and initiative in action.
v) The increase in size of the classes has considerably reduced personal contact between the teachers and the pupils.
2) What is Navodaya Vidyalaya ?
Ans:- Recognising the need to provide good education to rural children the National Policy on Education (NPE – 1986) conceived the idea of Navodaya Vidyalayas (model schools) as ‘pace setting institutions’. The policy states :- ‘It is universally accepted that children with special talent or aptitude should be provided opportunities to proceed at a faster pace through quality education, irrespective of their capacity to pay for it’.
Pace setting schools intended to serve this purpose are being established in various parts of the country on a given pattern, but with full scope for innovation and experimentation. Their broad aims will be to promote excellence coupled with equity and social justice (with reservation for SC/STs), to foster national integration by providing opportunities to talented children, largely from rural areas in different parts of the country, to live and learn together, to develop their full potential and most important, to become catalysts of a nation – wide programme of school improvement. The school will be residential and free of charge.
A Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti, an autonomous organisation in the Ministry of Human Resources Development has bee set up. These schools are affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi.
The Central Government bears 100 percent expenditure for running these institutions and it is the responsibility of the State Governments to provide a plot of land, about 30 acres in area, free or cost.
Eventually the Central Government plans to open one such school in every district. This target in likely to be achieved by the end of the 7th Five Year plan in 1990.
3) What is Operation Black Board ?
Ans:- Operation Black Board has been used for conveying the idea that minimum facilities will be provided to a primary school.
These include :-
i) Two reasonably large rooms, which are usable in all weather conditions,
ii) Blackboards,
iii) Maps, charts and other learning and play materials,
iv) Tatpatti (carpet) for seating children and other essential materials,In the beginning at least two teachers will be appointed for each primary school. Afterwards more teachers may be appointed as new classes are added. In ‘Operation Blackboard’ the co – operation of voluntary organisations, local bodies and desirous persons will be enlisted. Steps are also proposed to be taken to obtain land for a playground to be attached to the school.
It has been emphasised that inexpensive building designs be prepared taking into consideration the agro – climatic conditions and utilising the locally available material. Setting up of village education committees, which will INTERALIA be responsible for maintaining the school buildings, is also visualised. As regards financial resources to implement the programme, construction of essential buildings for primary schools will be the first charge on the funds relating to the ongoing schemes of NREP and RLEGP. The entire cost of the operation will be provided by the Central Government.
4) What is ECCE ?
Ans:- The National Policy of Education has used the term Early Childhood Care and Education in place of pre – primary or Nursery Education. National Policy of Education lays stress on the holistic nature of child development viz., nutrition, health and social, mental, physical, moral and emotional development. Early Childhood Care and Education will receive high priority and be suitably integrated with the Integrated Child Development Services Programme wherever possible.
5) What are the objectives of Navodaya Vidyalaya ?
Ans:- The objectives of Navodaya Vidyalaya are :-
a) To provides good education to rural children to develop their will potentials.
b) To promote excellence coupled with equity and social justice.
c) To foster national integration by providing opportunities to talented children.
d) To live and learn together and to become catalysts of a nationwide programme of schools improvement.
6) Mention one suggestions forwarded by New National Policy on Education, 1986 regarding examination reform ?
Ans:- (a) Grade should be given instead of marks.
7) Write the structure of education as suggested by Education Commission 1964.
Ans:- The structure of education as suggested by Education Commission 1964 are :-
i) Division of the educational pyramid into different level of stages and their inter – relationship.
ii) Duration covered by different stages.
iii) Quality of teachers, curricula, methods of teaching, evaluation, equipment and infrastructure.
iv) Utilisation of available resources to their optimum.
The reorganisation, spread over a period of 20 years.
The new educational structure will consist of :-
i) One to three years of pre – school education.
ii) A ten period of general education which may be sub – divided into a primary stage of 7-8 years (a) lower primary stage of (4-5 years) and a higher primary stage of (2 or 3 years) and lower secondary stage of (3 or 2 years) or general education or one to three years of vocational education.
iii) A higher secondary stage of two years of general education or one to three years of vocational education.
iv) A higher educational stage of having a course of three years or more for the first degree and followed by courses of varying duration for the second and research degree.
v) Secondary schools should be of two types – high schools providing a ten years course and higher secondary schools providing a course of 11 or 12 years.
The age of admission to class one should not be less than 6. The first public examination will come at the end of the 10 years of school. A new higher secondary course beginning in class XI should be instituted and classes XI and XII should provide specialised studies in different subjects. The Pre – University course should be transferred from Universities to secondary schools.
8) What does it mean by de – linking job from degree ?
Ans:- The National Policy of Education 1986 suggested delinking degree from jobs in selected areas. If the compulsoriness of a degree for securing a job is done away with many youths will automatically refrain from obtaining higher education. Thus crowding of aspirants for admission to colleges and universities will be reduced. A degree should not be considered as a pre – requisite for a job which has no direct relationship with it.
9) Why secondary education is considered as a nation building education ?
Ans:- Secondary education of India helps in democratic building of a country. The social values, citizenship training, leadership qualities, vocational training are imparted which builds a better society. This helps in the economy development, and democratic ideas development of the student.
10) What does it mean by National system of education ?
Ans:- The Kothari commission of India have wanted to make education one of the strongest means to help to achieve the goal of life and satisfy the rules of life so to help achieve national objectives.
11) Write the structure of primary education as suggested by Education Commission 1964.
Ans:- a) One to three (0 to 3) years of primary or pro – school education.
b) Jen (10) years period of general education where the primary stage should be of seven to eight (7-8) years. This primary stage should again be devided into two stages i.e. lower primary stage of four to five years (4-5) years and higher primary stage of two to three (2-3) years. There should be lower secondary stage of three or two (3 or 2) years of general education or one to three (1-3) years of vocational education to provide work oriented education.
c) The entry age or admission age to class I of the primary stage should not be less than six (06) years.
12) Write the structure of secondary education as suggested by Education Commission 1964.
Ans:- The structure of secondary education as suggested by Education Commission 1964.
i) General education should fast for a period of 10 years – 4 years of lower primary, 3 years of higher primary and 3 years of lower secondary education.
ii) One to three years of pre school education (classes A-B-C).
iii) Four to five years of lower primary education (classI-IV).
iv) Three or two years of higher primary education (classV – VII).
v) Three or two years of lower secondary stage (classesVIII – X).
vii) Two years of Higher Secondary.
viii) Three years of degree courses followed by courses of varying durations for higher studies.
13) What does it mean by vocationalization of education ?
Ans:- Vocationalization of education means those aspects of educational process which involve, in addition to general education, the study of technologies and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills, attitudey understanding and knowledge relating to occupations in varionus sectors of national life.
14) What were the suggestions of National Policy of Education. 1986 regarding status and responsibility of teachers ?
Ans:- Good and relevant training should be given based on skills. Efficient people will be attracted to the profession of teacher provision of inservice and preservice training should be made. Training should be experience oriented Educational complexes should be established.
15) What is work experience ?
Ans:- Work experience is the participation in productive work in school, in home, is a workshop, in a farm, in a factor or in any other productive situation.
16) What was the underlying aim which gave the final shape to NPC ?
Ans:- “The county has reached a stage in its economic and technical development with a major effort must be made to derive the maximum benefit from the assets already created and to ensure that the fruit of change reach all sections. Education is the highway to that goal.
It was the underlying aim which gave the final shape to NPE.
17) What is the key to National system of education as visualised by NPC, 1986 ?
Ans:- Education is an investment in the present and the future, this principle in the key to the national policy on education.
18) Mention two suggestions given by NPE – 1986, regarding examination reform.
Ans:- i) Special teaching learning material.
ii) Special coaching.
19) Why did Mudaliar Commission consider then existing secondary education as narrow and one – sided ?
Ans:- Present secondary education is narrow and one sided. As such, it fails to train the whole personality of students.
20) Mention two measures as suggested by Mudaliar Commission to develop leadership qualities among students.
Ans:- i) The secondary education should train the persons to assume the responsibility of leadership in social, political, industrial and cultural life of their country or community.
ii) This education should provide the students professional efficiency and all the facilities inside or the school for the formation of good characters.
21) What were the suggestions of National Policy on Education regarding responsibilities and status of teachers ?
Ans:- The status of the teacher reflect the socio – cultural ethas of a society. The pupils cannot rise above the levels of their teacher. The Government and the community should endeavour to create conditions which will help motivate and inspire teachers on construction and creative lines. Teachers will continue to play a crucial role in the formulation and implementation of educational programmes.
22) What is work experience ?
Ans:- Work experience will be treated as a part and parcel of education. In every stages of education well formed work experience programme will be introduced on the basis of students interest, aptitude and motivation towards social services.
23) What does it mean by Vocationalisation of education ?
Ans:- Vocationalisation of education is need of the hour. It will prepare the youth to pursue some vocation and gracefully earn their livelihood. Vocationalisation will provide technical and vocational training to the young learners.
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